Author: Dr. Susan Marra

A close-up of a brown and black tick with eight legs crawling on a green blade of grass, set against a solid blue background, highlights the importance of Nantucket Lyme Disease Research.

Washington Ticks in Winter: What You Need to Know

Written on December 2, 2025. Posted in Articles, Lyme Disease.

Even during the coldest months, Washington ticks in winter do not die. Due to global warming and consistently milder winters, arthropods, including disease-carrying ticks, are now able to survive year-round. As a result, they remain capable of transmitting infections through a single bite. As a Lyme-literate naturopathic doctor, Dr. Susan Marra emphasizes the importance of understanding this year-round risk and taking practical steps to protect yourself outdoors in Washington.

Why Washington Ticks Survive Through Winter

Historically, freezing temperatures helped limit tick populations during winter. Today, warmer seasonal patterns allow ticks to remain active and feed even in colder conditions. This means Washington ticks in winter can still attach, bite, and transmit pathogens such as Lyme disease, Babesia, and other tick-borne infections.

Ticks in the Pacific Northwest are not fully dormant in winter—making consistent prevention essential.

How to Protect Yourself Outdoors in Winter

Use Natural Essential Oil Repellents

If you’re camping, hiking, or spending time outdoors in Washington, natural repellents can help reduce tick exposure. Essential oils such as:

Eucalyptus
Lemongrass
Clove

The can be applied to your clothing and exposed skin. These oils provide a safer, non-toxic option for repelling ticks.

Consider Permethrin-Treated Clothing

For stronger protection, you can purchase Permethrin-impregnated clothing online. Permethrin effectively repels and kills ticks on contact. This is a highly recommended option for anyone spending extended time outdoors in Washington.

Use DEET Only as a Last Resort

While DEET can be effective, it is a synthetic pesticide and may be neurotoxic. If you choose to use DEET, apply it sparingly and only when necessary.

Remember: because Washington ticks in winter stay active; these prevention strategies are essential year-round, not just in the summer.

Worried about Ticks in Winter or Possible Lyme Disease Symptoms?

Dr. Susan Marra is a world-leading Lyme-literate Naturopathic Doctor specializing in the treatment of vector-borne diseases, including Lyme disease, Bartonella, Babesia, Relapsing Fever, Ehrlichia, Anaplasma, Tularemia, Q Fever, Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever, and various Rickettsia species.

Dr. Marra also treats neurodegenerative diseases (Alzheimer’s, Parkinson’s), Post-Covid and Long-Covid conditions, anti-aging concerns, and environmental illnesses such as mold exposure. Trained by Lyme experts Dr. Richard Horowitz and Dr. Charles Ray Jones, Dr. Marra has extensive expertise in diagnosing and healing tick-borne disease.

Contact Dr. Susan Marra Today

For expert care in Lyme disease, tick-borne infections, chronic illness, or environmental health concerns, Dr. Susan Marra is currently accepting new patients. You can get in touch through the contact page or call the office directly at 206-299-2676 to schedule an appointment. Connect with Dr. Marra on Facebook, or explore educational videos on her YouTube channel!

Disclaimer

The information provided in this article—including text, graphics, images, and video content—is for informational purposes only. It is not intended to replace professional medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. Always consult your physician before starting any new health regimen, and never disregard medical advice because of something you have read, seen, or heard online.

Three scientists in lab coats sit around a screen. One person points at an image of cells related to red light therapy for Lyme disease on the monitor, while the others watch attentively. Lab equipment and notes are visible in the background.

New Nantucket Lyme Disease Research: Targeting Tick-Borne Illness at the Source

Written on December 2, 2025. Posted in Lyme Disease, Articles.

Nantucket Island, part of Cape Cod, remains one of the most highly endemic regions in the United States for tick-borne diseases, including Lyme disease and Babesia. As cases rise nationwide, a groundbreaking project on the island is exploring a new way to interrupt the spread of infection directly at its ecological source. As a Lyme-literate naturopathic doctor, Dr. Susan Marra closely follows emerging research like this to stay at the forefront of innovative strategies for diagnosing, managing, and preventing Lyme disease.

Why Nantucket Is Central to Tick-Borne Disease Research

Red light therapy utilizes low-level light wavelengths to penetrate the skin and underlying tissues. Ticks in the Northeastern U.S. spread a wide range of pathogens, and the region’s dense ecosystems create the perfect environment for high transmission rates. Nantucket, in particular, has long struggled with elevated rates of Lyme disease—making it an ideal location for studying and testing new prevention strategies.

One of the most important pieces of the puzzle is the white-footed mouse, a small mammal that serves as a primary reservoir for Lyme disease, Babesia, and several other tick-borne pathogens.

A Novel Strategy: Genetic Modification of the White-Footed Mouse

Targeting the Reservoir Host

The centerpiece of this Nantucket Lyme disease research project is the use of genetic modification techniques to reduce disease transmission at the mouse level. By altering the DNA of the white-footed mouse, scientists hope to create a population that is resistant to the pathogens responsible for tick-borne illness.

How This Could Reduce Lyme Transmission

If white-footed mice can no longer harbor or spread the bacteria responsible for Lyme disease or Babesia, ticks feeding on them would fail to pick up the infection. Over time, this could lead to a dramatic decrease in infected ticks—thereby lowering risk for humans and pets across Cape Cod and beyond.

This represents one of the most promising and innovative approaches to Lyme prevention developed in recent years.

Why This Research Matters

Tick-borne diseases have increased significantly across North America, pushing researchers to explore new tools beyond repellents, pesticides, and traditional wildlife management. The Nantucket Lyme disease research model is unique in its focus on ecological, genetic, and long-term prevention strategies.

If this research is successful, it may offer:

A sustainable reduction in disease-carrying ticks
Fewer human infections over time
A framework that could be adapted to other regions with endemic Lyme disease
A major advancement in the field of vector-borne disease prevention

This is a truly novel and forward-thinking approach, and I am excited to see how the project evolves and what impact it may have on future public health strategies. Before this type of scientific intervention becomes available to the public, it’s still essential to stay informed and protect yourself during peak tick season. Dr. Marra recently shared practical guidance in a related article, Ticks in Summer 2025: What You Need to Know.

Further Information & Media Coverage

60 Minutes Feature: Genetically engineering mouse DNA could be key to curbing Lyme disease

About Dr. Susan Marra

Dr. Susan Marra is a world-leading and Global Lyme Alliance Award-winning Lyme-literate Naturopathic Doctor specializing in the treatment of vector-borne diseases, including:

Lyme disease
Bartonella
Babesia
Relapsing fever
Ehrlichia
Anaplasma
Tularemia
Q fever
Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever
Rickettsia species

Contact Dr. Susan Marra Today!

If you’re seeking expert support for Lyme disease, tick-borne infections, or complex chronic illness, Dr. Susan Marra is currently accepting new patients. You can learn more about her services or book an appointment online or by calling her office directly at 206-299-2676. You can also explore additional resources on her website, follow her updates on Facebook, or watch educational content, “Medical Minutes,” on her YouTube channel.

Disclaimer

The information provided in this article (including text, graphics, images, and video content) is for informational purposes only and is not a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. Always consult your physician before beginning any new healthcare regimen and never disregard medical advice based on content you have read or viewed online.

A person with long white hair, wearing sunglasses, a dark cardigan, light yellow pants, and sandals, stands indoors holding a device emitting purple light, near medical equipment and abstract artwork—perhaps studying ticks in summer.

The Use of Red Light Therapy for Lyme Disease in Healing Tick-Borne Diseases and Mycotoxin Illness

Written on October 13, 2025. Posted in Lyme Disease, Articles, Red Light Therapy.

Chronic illnesses like tick-borne diseases, including Lyme disease, Bartonella, and Babesia, as well as mycotoxin-related illness from mold exposure, are notoriously difficult to treat. These conditions often trigger systemic inflammation, oxidative stress, immune dysregulation, and mitochondrial dysfunction — leaving patients feeling exhausted, in pain, and with a range of debilitating symptoms. At Dr. Marra’s integrative medical clinic, we focus on root-cause healing strategies tailored to complex chronic illness.
One powerful, science-backed therapy growing in popularity for these conditions is red light laser therapy for Lyme disease, also known as photobiomodulation (PBM). Originally developed in the 1960s, this non-invasive treatment utilizes specific wavelengths of light to support cellular healing.

What Is Red Light Laser Therapy?

Red light therapy utilizes low-level light wavelengths to penetrate the skin and underlying tissues. Depending on the wavelength, the light can reach different depths in the body:

Blue light (400–500nm) – targets the skin’s surface, helpful for skin conditions
Red and near-infrared light (700–1,400nm) – penetrates deeper into soft tissues and organs
Far-infrared light (3,000–1,000,000nm) – reaches deeper structures, including muscles, bones, and internal organs

When light is absorbed by cells, it stimulates a molecule in the mitochondria called cytochrome C oxidase, which enhances the conversion of ADP to ATP, your body’s primary source of energy. This boost in ATP production, along with improved blood flow, oxygenation, and nitric oxide release, creates an ideal internal environment for healing.

How Red Light Therapy Helps with Tick-Borne and Mycotoxin Illness

Patients with tick-borne or mold-related illnesses often deal with:

Mitochondrial dysfunction and low ATP
Hypoxia (low oxygen in tissues)
Chronic pain and neuropathy
Brain fog and cognitive issues
Immune dysregulation
Persistent inflammation

Red light laser therapy directly addresses many of these root causes.

Reduces Systemic Inflammation: Red light reduces inflammatory cytokines and oxidative stress, allowing the immune system to function more efficiently.
Boosts Mitochondrial Energy Production: In conditions like Bartonella, where VEGF and HIF pathways are disrupted, PBM helps normalize oxygen sensing and ATP generation at the cellular level.
Enhances Brain Function: Infrared light penetrates deep into the brain, improving blood flow, neural connectivity, and cognitive performance. Patients with neurological symptoms, common in Lyme and mold illness, often report improved clarity, memory, and mood.
Improves Circulation and Tissue Repair: By stimulating the release of nitric oxide and enhancing oxygen delivery, red light therapy promotes the healing of damaged tissues, nerves, and organs affected by chronic infections or toxic mold exposure.

Conditions Treated with Red Light Laser Therapy

In Dr. Marra’s office, we use red light laser therapy to help with a wide range of conditions, including:

Inflammation & Pain Relief
Neuropathy (burning, stinging, numbness)
Cognitive dysfunction (brain fog, fatigue)
Sleep disorders & circadian rhythm imbalance
Mood disorders like depression and anxiety
Chronic joint and muscle pain
Immune system support
Wound healing and skin repair
Gut dysbiosis and esophageal injury
Fatigue, tremors, and overall energy restoration

For patients with tick-borne diseases and mycotoxin illnesses, these benefits can be life-changing, especially when combined with a comprehensive integrative treatment plan.

Are There Any Contraindications?

While red light therapy is safe for most people, it is not recommended for patients with:

Seizure disorders
Light hypersensitivity
Active cancer
Pregnancy
Open, oozing skin lesions

Dr. Marra will review your medical history to ensure it’s the right fit for you.

Book a Red Light Therapy for Lyme Disease Session with Dr. Marra

If you’re struggling with the long-term effects of Lyme disease, tick-borne infection, or mycotoxin exposure, red light therapy for Lyme disease may be a powerful tool in your recovery.

To schedule a session or learn more about photobiomodulation therapy, contact Dr. Marra’s office online or call 206-299-2676. We offer package deals to help make your healing journey affordable, accessible, and impactful.

More Resources:

Disclaimer: This article is for informational purposes only. It is not a substitute for medical advice. Always consult your healthcare provider for diagnosis or treatment.

A small tick sits on the tip of a person’s finger, with a blurred white dog and grassy background out of focus behind them. ticks in summer

Ticks in Summer 2025: What You Need to Know

Written on September 3, 2025. Posted in Lyme Disease, Articles.

Climate change is reshaping seasonal patterns, and ticks are thriving because of it. In past decades, summer nights in the Pacific Northwest required fleece jackets. Today, rising temperatures and environmental shifts have extended tick season across the U.S., especially in the summer months. Dr. Marra has experienced a spike in patients firsthand.

Why Ticks in Summer 2025 Are Worse Than Previous Years

According to the CDC, summer 2025 is shaping up to be one of the worst tick seasons on record, particularly on the East Coast. Emergency room visits for tick bites spiked to 283 per 100,000 in May—up significantly from 2024.

A recent Scientific American article explains that warming climates and changing ecosystems are fueling tick population growth and disease spread, including Lyme disease, Babesia, and even alpha-gal syndrome (a red meat allergy).
Meanwhile, a Vax-Before-Travel report notes regional differences, showing some parts of the U.S. may see a drop in bites—but the national trend is still concerning.

Tick Season Is No Longer Seasonal

Ticks used to be active from April to June. Now, due to warmer winters and longer breeding cycles, tick activity extends year-round, especially in southern states. Ticks that once died off in winter now survive and spread diseases continuously.

In places like Connecticut, Lyme disease is so prevalent that nearly every household knows someone affected. And fewer than 10% of patients ever get the classic bullseye rash—many present with full-body rashes or flu-like symptoms.

What to Do If You’re Bitten by a Tick

Remove the tick carefully with tweezers—pull straight out.
Do not touch the bite site.
Save the tick in a sealed bag.
Call your doctor immediately for preventive antibiotics.
For testing, contact IGeneX at 800‑832‑3200 for a tick test kit.

Tips to Prevent Tick Bites in Summer

Avoid tall grass, leaf litter, and bushy areas.
Wear permethrin-treated clothing or use repellents with DEET or Picaridin.
Natural alternatives: essential oils like eucalyptus, lemon balm, or cedarwood.
Do daily tick checks, especially behind knees, in armpits, and along hairlines.
Put clothing in the dryer on high heat after spending time outdoors.

Worried about Ticks in Summer or Possible Lyme Disease Symptoms?

This year, ticks in summer are more than a nuisance—they’re a serious health risk. Don’t delay—early evaluation and treatment are key to preventing long-term complications. Dr. Marra provides expert, compassionate care for tick bites and tick-borne illnesses, including Lyme disease, Babesia, Bartonella, and more. If you’ve been bitten or are experiencing unexplained symptoms, call us today at 206-299-2676 to schedule an appointment.

More Resources

Read more of Dr. Marra’s blogs and explore trusted patient resources to stay informed, protected, and proactive this tick season.

Disclaimer: This article is for informational purposes only. It is not a substitute for medical advice. Always consult your healthcare provider for diagnosis or treatment.

A colorful glass swirl sculpture sits atop a black plaque reading: Global Lyme Alliance Service Award Honoring Dr. Susan Marra…2024, surrounded by green plants in a garden setting.

Dr. Susan Marra Receives Global Lyme Alliance Award for Excellence in Lyme Disease Treatment

Written on August 26, 2025. Posted in Articles, Lyme Disease.

In 2024, Dr. Susan Marra received a Global Lyme Alliance award in recognition of her unwavering dedication to the treatment, awareness, and research of Lyme disease and other tick-borne illnesses. As the only naturopathic physician on GLA’s Medical Advisory Board, Dr. Marra is deeply honored to be acknowledged by the leading nonprofit organization in the Lyme disease community.

About the Global Lyme Alliance

The Global Lyme Alliance is the largest nonprofit organization dedicated to the prevention, education, and research of Lyme disease and tick-borne infections. Founded in the 1990s by a group of determined mothers in Greenwich, Connecticut, GLA emerged from a critical need: their children were suffering from mysterious, debilitating illnesses caused by tick bites—and few doctors were equipped to treat them. One of those doctors was Dr. Charles Ray Jones, a pioneering pediatrician in Hamden, Connecticut. In the 1980s, Dr. Jones identified a growing pattern of children presenting with unexplained symptoms during the summer months. Collaborating with Lyme disease advocate Polly Murray, he was among the first to connect these cases to what we now know as Lyme disease.

Dr. Jones was the only pediatrician in Connecticut at the time willing to treat children with long-term antibiotics—a controversial but life-saving approach. His work laid the foundation for what would become a growing movement to improve Lyme disease treatment and research. Dr. Marra herself trained under Dr. Jones for six years in New Haven, gaining firsthand experience in treating complex pediatric Lyme cases.

GLA’s Impact on Lyme Disease Research and Education

Since its founding, the Global Lyme Alliance has:

Raised over $20 million to support groundbreaking research into Lyme disease diagnostics and treatments
Funded more than 20 scientific research projects focused on finding a cure
Educated thousands of patients and providers through public outreach, resources, and events
Maintained an up-to-date database of trained Lyme-literate doctors across the United States

Their mission continues to grow as Lyme disease and co-infections become more widespread across the U.S. and the world. You can find a wealth of educational materials, treatment guidance, and doctor listings on their website: www.globallymealliance.org

Dr. Marra’s Role and Recognition

Dr. Susan Marra has served on the Medical Advisory Board of the Global Lyme Alliance for several years, collaborating with leading physicians across the country to advance research and improve diagnostics and treatment protocols. The board meets quarterly to review ongoing projects and help shape the direction of future studies.

In recognition of her 26 years of dedicated clinical work treating patients with Lyme disease and co-infections, Lyme disease specialist Dr. Marra was awarded the 2024 Global Lyme Alliance Award: Service Award. This honor reflects her leadership in the field and her continued commitment to improving outcomes for those affected by this often misunderstood illness. Read some of Dr. Marra’s blogs now.

“It’s a privilege to be part of such an impactful organization and to help further research, education, and treatment for this growing epidemic,” said Dr. Marra. “I encourage everyone to learn more about GLA’s work and consider supporting their mission.”

Dr. Susan Marra sitting in her office holder a blue, green, and black award

Support the Global Lyme Alliance

Dr. Marra invites you to explore the incredible work GLA is doing and consider contributing to their mission. Whether through donations or by sharing their resources, your support helps fund critical research and improve care for millions affected by Lyme disease. You can also consider donating to their research.

Schedule Your Appointment Today with Dr. Susan Marra

Ready to take the next step with your chronic illness? Contact Dr. Marra today to schedule an appointment or call (206) 299-2676 and discover how we can help you achieve your goals. Before your first visit, check out our FAQ. Follow Dr. Marra on Facebook and leave a comment. We look forward to hearing from you!

Dr Susan Marra wearing the Neuroradiant 1070 Red Light Therapy Helmet

How a Red Light Therapy Helmet Can Boost Brain Health and Mood

Written on August 11, 2025. Posted in Articles, Red Light Therapy.

Dr. Susan L. Marra is excited to introduce one of the most innovative tools in brain-focused healing: the Neuroradiant 1070 Red Light Helmet, also known as the Neuronic Helmet. This advanced, medical-grade red light therapy helmet offers new hope for individuals struggling with brain fog, mood challenges, cognitive decline, and neurological dysfunction caused by chronic illness or aging.

What Is a Red Light Therapy Helmet?

A red light therapy helmet uses low-level near-infrared light to stimulate the brain’s cellular function, support tissue repair, and reduce inflammation. The light penetrates the skull and interacts directly with mitochondria, the “power plants” of your cells, boosting ATP production and helping your brain perform at its best. Think of it like giving your brain cells a much-needed energy boost so they can do their jobs more efficiently.

Historically, red light therapy has been proven to improve circulation, accelerate healing, and reduce inflammation. When targeted to the brain, those same benefits can translate into sharper memory, a more balanced mood, improved sleep, and better focus. Many people describe feeling mentally clearer and more emotionally grounded after just a few sessions.

Introducing the Neuronic Helmet (Neuroradiant 1070)

The Neuroradiant 1070 Red Light Helmet is a state-of-the-art medical device engineered to deliver 1070 nm red light to the brain at varying pulse rates, intensities, and durations. It’s far more advanced than other consumer-grade light therapy devices and is carefully calibrated for therapeutic impact on brain tissue. This device targets deep brain structures responsible for mood, memory, and executive function.

Brain Health Benefits of a Red Light Therapy Helmet

Dr. Marra uses the Neuroradiant 1070 to help optimize and restore several key brain functions. Patients may experience improvements in:

Memory creation, storage, and recall
Clarity of abstract thought
Deep, rejuvenating sleep
Focus and executive function
Mood regulation
Symptoms of depression and anxiety
PTSD and emotional trauma recovery
Fine motor coordination in hands and feet
Neurocognitive and neuromuscular performance

Many of Dr. Marra’s patients come to her after years of chronic illness or brain-related symptoms that conventional medicine hasn’t resolved. This red light therapy helmet offers a gentle yet powerful way to support long-term recovery and brain resilience.

Who Can Benefit from the Neuronic Helmet?

The Neuronic Helmet can benefit a wide range of individuals, especially those dealing with chronic, neuroinflammatory, or degenerative issues. You may be a good candidate if you’re managing:

Chronic Lyme disease or co-infections
Alzheimer’s or Parkinson’s disease
Traumatic brain injury or stroke
Mold toxicity or biotoxin-related brain fog
Long COVID or post-viral fatigue
Autoimmune neurological disorders
Cognitive aging or early-stage memory loss
PTSD, ADHD, anxiety, or depression
Coordination issues or fine motor dysfunction

Red light therapy is also valuable for healthy aging adults who want to maintain a sharp, high-performing brain well into their 80s and 90s.

Personalized Treatment with the Neuroradiant 1070 Helmet

Dr. Susan Marra begins each red light therapy program with a Cognivue brain assessment, which is a noninvasive evaluation of cognitive function that helps identify areas for support.

From there, she develops a treatment plan tailored to your individual needs and sensitivities. Dr. Marra follows a “start low, go slow” protocol, gradually increasing exposure to light therapy to ensure your brain adapts safely and effectively. She carefully monitors your response and adjusts session duration and intensity as needed.

“There is a clear therapeutic window for all red light wavelengths, especially when delivered to the brain,” Dr. Marra explains. “Too little will have no effect, but doing too much could have a detrimental effect. Starting low and going slow is the best way to proceed with red light therapy delivered directly to the brain.”

Is A Red Light Helmet Therapy Safe for the Brain?

When used correctly, red light therapy is safe and noninvasive for the brain. It produces no heat, requires no recovery time, and has few side effects. Most patients feel calm, mentally clear, or pleasantly relaxed after a session.

Receiving treatment under the guidance of a trained professional is essential for optimized results. Dr. Marra ensures every session is personalized and safely dosed based on your unique treatment plan.

How to Get Started with Red Light Helmet Therapy

Your first session with Dr. Marra will be gentle, supportive, and focused on comfort. Here’s what to expect:

A brain health assessment (Cognivue) to measure cognitive function
Review of your health history, symptoms, and goals
A measured session with the red light therapy helmet
Personalized settings based on your brain’s sensitivity
Education on what to expect after the session

Most patients start with short treatments and gradually increase duration as their brain acclimates to the therapy.

Contact Dr. Marra today to see if red light therapy is right for you.

Ready to Try A Red Light Therapy Helmet for Brain Health?

The Neuroradiant 1070 Red Light Helmet isn’t just a wellness trend; it’s a medical-grade device designed to support neurological balance, cognitive clarity, and emotional well-being. Whether you’re dealing with brain fog, trauma, mood changes, or simply want to stay sharp as you age, a red light therapy helmet may be the transformative tool your brain has been waiting for.

Dr. Marra provides personalized treatment plans using the Neuronic Helmet based on science-backed protocols and a thorough cognitive assessment. She aims to help you feel clearer, calmer, and more focused – naturally and noninvasively. Call Dr. Marra today at 206-299-2676 to schedule your first session and experience the healing power of a red light therapy helmet for yourself.

Read more of Dr. Marra’s blogs and find more patient resources now!

Red string forms a heart shape in the center of a pulsating heartbeat line, created by string stretched between red pins on a white background.

Change Your Vibe

Written on June 19, 2025. Posted in Articles, General Information, Treatments.

Change Your Vibe

🌟 Change Your Vibe

Emotional Recovery and Nervous System Support During Treatment

Recovering from tick-borne disease, mold exposure, or long COVID can be physically exhausting — but the emotional toll is just as real. Fear, guilt, anxiety, and depression are common, and it’s easy to feel overwhelmed or hopeless.

That’s why elevating your emotional state daily is a vital part of the healing journey. You have the power to change your internal environment, even when the external feels out of control.

💛 Identify Your Personal Uplifters

Make time each day for simple actions that restore balance and joy. These activities raise your internal vibration, reduce stress hormones, and re-center your nervous system.

Try incorporating:

🎶 Listening to music
🧘‍♀️ Meditation or breathwork
🧩 Play and games
🌳 Walking in nature
☕ Coffee with a friend
🎨 Art projects or crafting
📚 Reading or journaling
🎬 A good movie or stand-up comedy
😂 Laughter — the best medicine
🎭 Practicing gratitude daily

The more consistent you are, the more you’ll notice these practices speeding up your recovery and creating more emotional resilience — not just now, but for life.

🧠 Train Your Brain to Heal

Healing isn’t just physical — it’s neurological. Several programs can help reset your stress response and promote calm, clarity, and control:

💻 Dynamic Neural Retraining System (DNRS)

by Annie Hopper
🔗 www.retrainingthebrain.com
Great for managing PTSD, chronic illness-related stress, and limbic system dysfunction.

💻 Gupta Program: Amygdala Retraining

by Ashok Gupta
🔗 www.guptaprogram.com
Helpful for post-infection recovery and nervous system rewiring.

💻 Primal Trust

by Cathleen King
🔗 www.primaltrust.org
Integrative neuroplasticity training focused on healing trauma, illness, and dysregulation.

💻 The Lightning Process

by Amanda Ashley
🔗 www.amanda-ashley.com
Mind-body training focused on rewiring chronic stress responses.

🎵 Vagus Nerve Calming Exercises

Your vagus nerve (cranial nerve 10) plays a huge role in calming your nervous system. Try incorporating these into your daily routine:

😝 Gag reflex stimulation (gentle, daily)
🌀 Gargling vigorously
🎤 Singing with deep, resonant tones
🧘‍♂️ Humming mindfully

Also, consider:

🎧 The Rosenberg Reset exercises on YouTube
👐 Craniosacral therapy for nervous system regulation

🎧 Final Prescription:

Listen to “Thank You” by Ben Rector — and notice how gratitude can shift everything.
Let that vibration become your medicine.

Understanding Fibromyalgia (FM)

Written on June 19, 2025. Posted in Articles, Conditions Caused by Tick-borne Illness, Environmental Illness, Mold Exposure.

Fibromyalgia (FM)

Understanding the Underlying Causes of Widespread Pain and Fatigue

Fibromyalgia (FM) is a modern diagnostic term used to describe a constellation of symptoms—most notably, widespread muscular pain and heightened sensitivity at specific tender points throughout the body. While pain may begin in a localized area such as the neck or shoulders, over time it typically spreads and becomes more generalized.

🧠 Common Symptoms

FM pain is often described as:

Burning, radiating, gnawing, sore, stiff, or aching
Fluctuating based on weather, activity, sleep, and stress
Accompanied by fatigue, often severe, affecting daily function

Many patients describe feeling “flu-like”, even in the absence of an actual infection. Up to 90% of FM patients report profound fatigue, decreased stamina, and unrefreshing sleep.

😴 The Sleep Connection

Sleep studies have shown that many individuals with FM experience abnormal sleep architecture, especially disturbances in deep (restorative) sleep. This may help explain why patients wake feeling exhausted despite a full night’s rest.

🧩 Cognitive & Mood Symptoms

FM often overlaps with Chronic Fatigue Syndrome (CFS). Common overlapping symptoms include:

Poor memory
Brain fog
Difficulty concentrating
Mood swings
Confusion

These cognitive and emotional symptoms contribute to the overwhelming nature of FM and its impact on quality of life.

Exploring Root Causes

At its core, FM appears to be part of a broader infection-like or environmental illness syndrome. Triggers may include:

Undetected bacterial or viral infections
Environmental toxicants
Chronic stress and immune dysfunction

In many cases, genetics play a role, influencing how a person responds to a given pathogen or environmental exposure. This helps explain the high variability of symptoms from person to person.

Why Identification Matters

Effective treatment starts with identifying underlying causes. Proper testing can help reveal:

Hidden infections (bacterial, viral, fungal, or parasitic)
Immune system imbalances
Nutritional or mitochondrial deficiencies
Environmental or toxic burdens

Once the root cause(s) are identified, a targeted treatment plan using nutrition, herbal medicine, lifestyle changes, and in some cases, antimicrobial therapies can support the healing process and improve function.

Silhouette of a person with a cane transforms into a joyful, upright figure, connected by a leafy vine, symbolizing healing or recovery.

Antiaging Medicine

Written on June 19, 2025. Posted in Articles, General Information, Specialties.

Antiaging Medicine

About 4 - Freyja - Dr. Susan L. Marra, MS, ND

Anti-Aging & Preventative Medicine: Supporting Vitality After 50

Aging is a natural process — but how we age can be significantly influenced by how we care for our bodies. Anti-aging medicine focuses on preventative strategies to help you maintain strength, energy, mobility, and cognitive clarity as you move through your 50s, 60s, and beyond.

🧪 Comprehensive Lab Testing

Through advanced blood testing, we assess key biomarkers that reveal the earliest signs of imbalance, including:

Inflammation markers
Immune system dysregulation
Detoxification capacity
Nutritional status
Organ function

Subtle shifts in these systems often appear before symptoms begin, allowing us to intervene early.

🌿 Restoring Balance Naturally

When signs of early dysfunction are detected, we intervene with:

Targeted dietary guidance
Lifestyle modifications
Nutritional supplementation
Herbal support

These interventions are designed to restore homeostasis—your body’s natural state of balance—before chronic disease develops.

📈 Ongoing Monitoring for Optimal Health

Follow-up testing helps detect and correct:

Elevated cholesterol
Anemia
Vitamin and mineral deficiencies
Hormonal imbalances

Small corrections now can yield long-lasting improvements in healthspan and quality of life.

💪 Healthy Aging Means Staying Mobile and Independent

Our goal is to help you maintain:

Physical vitality
Mental sharpness
Emotional balance
Freedom from chronic disease

Let’s work together to identify which organ systems may be showing early signs of wear—and apply smart, science-backed strategies to support longevity and wellness.

A woman sitting on a couch applies pain relief cream to her inflamed, red knee, looking concerned.

Topical Pain Relief Options

Written on June 19, 2025. Posted in Articles, Bartonella, Coinfections, Conditions Caused by Tick-borne Illness, Lyme Disease, Treatments.

A human skeleton with major joints highlighted in red, indicating areas of pain or inflammation, set against a dark blue background.

Topical Pain Relief Options

Topical pain relievers can be a helpful part of managing discomfort caused by inflammation, especially when systemic treatments aren’t tolerated or additional support is needed. Dr. Marra often recommends the following trusted products for localized relief:

🌼 Arnica Montana 6X (Homeopathic)

A natural remedy known for its anti-inflammatory and analgesic properties. Often used to relieve:

Bruising
Muscle soreness
Joint pain

💨 Bengay Pain Relieving Cream

Recommended especially for MCAS (Mast Cell Activation Syndrome) due to its menthol and methyl salicylate content. It may help:

Reduce localized inflammation
Relieve muscle and joint stiffness
Improve circulation in the affected area

🐍 Cobroxin

A homeopathic formula derived from cobra venom peptides, known to support:

Moderate to severe chronic pain
Neuropathic discomfort
Anti-inflammatory activity without narcotics

❄️ Uncle Herb’s Icy Pot Medicated Salve

A natural salve that combines cooling herbs and essential oils. Ideal for:

Sore muscles and joints
Post-activity recovery
Gentle, herbal relief without harsh chemicals

An assortment of small bottles with colored liquids, jars of capsules and tablets, and natural ingredients like cinnamon and star anise on a table, with a blurred bowl of flowers in the background.

Functional Medicine

Written on June 19, 2025. Posted in Specialties.

Functional Medicine is an innovative and patient-centered approach to healthcare that seeks to identify and address the root causes of disease. Pioneered by Dr. Jeffrey Bland, this 21st-century medical movement emphasizes understanding the complex interactions between genetics, environment, and lifestyle.

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The Institute for Functional Medicine (IFM) plays a leading role in educating healthcare providers to apply this systems-based approach. IFM-trained practitioners prioritize:

High-quality whole foods as the foundation of health
Personalized nutritional interventions based on individual needs
Lifestyle modifications that support long-term wellness and resilience

As a dedicated member of IFM, Dr. Marra remains committed to ongoing education by attending annual conferences and staying current with advances in personalized medicine. This continuous learning enables her to provide state-of-the-art clinical care to each of her patients.

Dr. Marra also collaborates with a trusted network of Functional Medicine colleagues. This multidisciplinary support system offers additional insight for complex or challenging cases, ensuring comprehensive and well-rounded care.

With the rapid growth of genomic and nutrigenomic sciences, Functional Medicine is at the forefront of integrating cutting-edge research into everyday clinical practice—empowering patients to reach their full health potential.

Two human body outlines display temperature zones: the left figure shows colder areas in blue and green on extremities and warmer red/yellow areas on the torso; the right figure is mostly red, indicating uniform warmth. A temperature scale is included.

Low Core Body Temp

Written on June 19, 2025. Posted in Articles, Conditions Caused by Tick-borne Illness, General Information, Lyme Disease, Treatments.

Low Core Body Temp

Low Core Body Temperature (less than 97.0 degrees F)

Green virus-like particles with spherical shapes and spike-like projections are shown against a dark background, representing microscopic pathogens or germs. — #image_title

Many patients who suffer from chronic Lyme Disease and coinfections or chronic complex illness, also suffer from a low core body temperature (less than 97.0 degrees F). Sometimes this cold body temperature is due to hypothyroidism, which is relatively easy to diagnose with blood tests and a thermometer, an easily treated with some combination of T3 and T4 sustained release capsules.

However, sometimes a low core body temperature is due to the build up of toxins in the blood that causes the blood to become thick and viscous and unable to flow through arterial vessels and capillary beds. The lack of proper blood flow results in lowered oxygen concentrations to tissues, and therefore the body begins to become “cold”, and rigor mortis sets in, similar to what is seen in death. The absence of oxygenated tissues means the body will be cold.

Frequent and proper daily detoxification in Epsom salt baths coupled with 30 minutes of full body movement (i.e., walking, dance, yoga, pilates, biking, trampoline, etc…), to exercise the muscle fibers and mobilize cellular waste and toxins in EXTREMELY important. Infra red saunas, hot baths, etc… are also important to elevate the core body temperature. This is why nearly all chronically ill patients feel better in warmer climates. If the core body temperature is too low, blood cannot properly flow to tissues, especially to the periphery, and the vital force of the patient is compromised. This is why patients with a low body temperature appear sluggish, fatigued, weak, and depressed.

A microscopic view shows yellow, round fungal spores connected by branching filaments, all set against a textured orange background.

People with TBD have more yeast infections

Written on June 17, 2025. Posted in Coinfections, Conditions Caused by Tick-borne Illness.

The Yeast Infection

cranberry-juice-2 - Dr. Susan L. Marra, MS, ND

A yeast infection (Candidiasis) is a fungal infection often caused by Candida albicans. Various reasons that fungal infections occur include: excess sugar and carbohydrates in the diet, alcoholism, mold exposure, allergic constitution, improper replenishing of intestinal flora with probiotics (i.e.,Lactobacillus, Saccromyces) long term use of antibiotics, corticosteroid use, and autoimmune illness. Symptoms associated with a yeast infection are: gas, bloating, cramps, diarrhea alternating with constipation, abdominal pain, brain fog and cognitive difficulties, fatigue, strange rashes all over the body, circular vague rashes on the abdomen under the bra area, anal itching, red raised “beefy” and itchy rashes, odorous vaginal discharge, a thick white coating on the tongue (otherwise known as “thrush”), and toenail fungal infections. Yeast overgrowth is particularly relevant to children diagnosed with “Autism” where Lyme Disease has also been documented.

Yeast infections are frequently observed in conjunction with Lyme Disease as the result of improper antibiotic and probiotic use. Fungal infections complicate the symptom picture of chronic illness related to tick borne infections because there is significant symptom overlap and additional pathogen burden on the immune system.

However, yeast (fungal) infections can be avoided with proper nutrition and natural therapeutic supplementation. Pharmaceutical intervention may be required (antifungal medications) at times to prevent a full blown yeast infection but dietary modification is the MOST important factor to avoid chronic yeast infections.

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Revolutionize Your Healing with Firefly Red Light Laser Technology

Written on June 17, 2025. Posted in Articles, Red Light Therapy, Treatments.

We’re thrilled to announce a cutting-edge addition to our wellness services: the Firefly red light laser. Developed by Dr. Maurice Bales of Bales Photonics, this advanced technology is now available exclusively at the office of Dr. Susan L. Marra, making us the only provider on the Kitsap Peninsula to offer this medical-grade red light laser therapy. We’re proud to be the only provider in the region offering this powerful, medical-grade red light laser therapy. Read on to learn what it is, how it works, and whether it might be the right fit for your health goals, plus how to book your first appointment!

What Is the Firefly Red Light Laser?

The Firefly red light laser is a revolutionary form of red light therapy that uses specific wavelengths to stimulate deep tissue healing, reduce inflammation, improve blood flow, and regenerate mitochondria—the powerhouse of the cell. It is 10x more powerful than traditional LED technology – as powerful as Class IV lasers. Unlike traditional red light beds, this laser offers targeted, physician-grade precision for more effective treatment of both surface and deep tissues.

How Does Red Light Laser Therapy Work?

Red light falls within the near-infrared (625–750 nm) and far-infrared (750–1100 nm) spectrum. While near-infrared light treats surface tissues, far-infrared light penetrates deeper layers, including muscle and bone. The red light is absorbed by mitochondria, specifically the enzyme cytochrome c oxidase, which then triggers a chemical reaction that boosts ATP production—fuel for cellular repair and regeneration.

Proven Benefits of Firefly Red Light Laser Therapy

The Firefly red light laser has shown effectiveness in a wide range of clinical and wellness applications:

Accelerates wound healing
Promotes increased blood circulation
Reduces inflammation
Stimulates ATP production
Enhances tissue regeneration
Encourages hair growth

Conditions That May Improve with Red Light Laser Therapy

Due to its broad cellular benefits, this therapy may support treatment for:

Diabetes and circulatory issues
Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s disease
IBS and digestive inflammation
Sinusitis, bursitis, and arthritis
Bone injuries and fractures
Gingivitis and mouth ulcers
Dermatitis, fungal infections, and parasites
Autoimmune imbalances
Muscle pain and fatigue
Insomnia and stress-related conditions

Firefly Red Light Laser vs. Traditional Red Light Therapy

Unlike generalized red light therapy (e.g., red light beds), the Firefly red light laser delivers precise, high-intensity light to a focused area. This allows for deep tissue penetration, enabling it to assist with more complex issues such as bone repair, chronic inflammation, and even cellular detoxification.

Is Firefly Red Light Laser Safe?

This is a medical-grade device that must be operated by a trained physician or certified light therapist due to potential risks like tissue or eye damage. At our office, all sessions are carefully supervised. We start slow, typically 2–15 minutes per session, to ensure safety and optimal results.

However, red light laser therapy is not recommended for:

Individuals with active cancer
Those with epilepsy
Patients with infectious open wounds
Pregnant individuals
Anyone exposed without protective eyewear

Additionally, those with chronic infections may experience a Herxheimer reaction (detox symptoms due to pathogen die-off), which can be managed with guidance from our team.

Try Firefly Red Light Laser—Free First Session Available!

Dr. Marra is proud to be the first in the region to bring you this powerful, physician-exclusive healing modality. Whether you’re seeking recovery from injury, reducing inflammation, or managing chronic pain, the Firefly red light laser could be a transformative solution. Call us today at 206-299-2676 to schedule your free trial session and experience the healing power of red light laser for yourself. Read more of Dr. Marra’s blogs and find more patient resources now!

Revolutionize Your Healing with Firefly Red Light Laser Technology 8

A close-up of a persons skin showing a red, irritated, and slightly swollen patch, possibly indicating a rash, bite, or skin infection. Fine body hair is visible around the affected area.

Ticks in Washington State: What You Need to Know and How to Protect Yourself

Written on June 17, 2025. Posted in Articles, Lyme Disease, Treatments.

Ticks are a growing concern in Washington state, as they can be found in various regions across the state, especially in areas where deer reside. These tiny pests can carry dangerous diseases, such as Lyme disease, and pose a significant risk to humans, adolescents, and pets. Whether you’re an outdoor enthusiast or simply enjoy spending time in your backyard, it’s important to know where ticks are most commonly found and how to protect yourself from them.

In this blog post, we’ll discuss the tick hotspots in Washington state, how to repel them, and natural ways to stay safe during your outdoor adventures.

Where Are Ticks Found in Washington State?

Ticks are not confined to one specific part of Washington. They can be found throughout the state, but they are especially prevalent in areas where deer populations are high, as deer serve as the primary hosts for adult ticks. Some of the key locations where ticks are commonly found include:

Kitsap Peninsula: This area, including towns like Poulsbo, Bremerton, Silverdale, and Bainbridge Island, has a high tick population due to its deer habitats.
Pierce County
Jefferson County
Snohomish County
Skagit County
King County
Southern Washington (around Longview)

Ticks are also found in more rural and forested areas, so outdoor activities like hiking, camping, and even gardening can expose you to potential tick encounters.

Understanding the Risks: Diseases Spread by Ticks

Ticks in Washington state can carry a range of diseases, the most common being Lyme disease. While not every tick is infected, it’s important to be cautious. Lyme disease can cause symptoms like Q fever, chills, joint pain, and fatigue, and in severe cases, it can lead to long-term health complications if not treated promptly.

Another disease to be aware of is Anaplasmosis, which can cause flu-like symptoms. The risk of these diseases makes it essential to take proper precautions when spending time outdoors.

How to Protect Yourself from Ticks

Preventing tick bites is the most effective way to protect yourself from tick-borne diseases. There are several methods you can use to keep ticks at bay:

1. Use Tick Repellents

One of the most common ways to repel ticks in Washington is by using chemical repellents like DEET or Permethrin. Both are effective at keeping ticks away, but they should be used with caution:

DEET: Effective at repelling ticks, but it can be toxic if used frequently or in high concentrations, particularly for children or pets. It is not recommended for daily use.
Permethrin: A pesticide that can be applied to clothing and gear. It’s effective for treating clothing and gear, but avoid applying it directly to your skin.

Although these chemical options are effective, they should be used sparingly, as overuse can be harmful, especially to the brain and nervous system.

2. Natural Tick Repellents

If you prefer a more natural approach, there are several essential oils known to repel ticks. Some of the most effective options include:

Lemon Balm
Eucalyptus
Tea Tree Oil
Cedarwood Oil

These oils can be applied to your skin or used in sprays. For maximum protection, douse your clothing well, as the scent of these oils can create an environment that is unappealing to ticks. By doing so, you essentially “smell like” essential oils, which ticks tend to avoid.

3. Wear Protective Clothing

When venturing into tick-prone areas, it’s essential to wear protective clothing. Consider the following tips:

Wear long pants and sleeves to reduce the risk of ticks crawling onto your skin.
Tuck your pants into your socks to create a barrier and prevent ticks from climbing up your legs.
Wear light-colored clothing, which makes it easier to spot ticks.

In addition, consider treating your clothing with permethrin, which can be purchased in spray form or pre-treated clothing.

Tick-Proofing Your Yard

If you live in an area where ticks are prevalent, consider taking steps to make your yard less hospitable to them. Here are some suggestions:

Keep grass short and trim any bushes or shrubs to reduce tick habitats.
Create a barrier between wooded areas and your lawn using wood chips or gravel.
Remove any leaf litter or debris from your yard where ticks may be hiding.
Consider treating your yard with tick-repelling products, such as sprays or natural treatments like diatomaceous earth.

Seeking Expert Care for Lyme Disease in Washington State? Consult Dr. Susan Marra

Ticks are an important concern for anyone spending time outdoors in Washington state, but with the right precautions, you can reduce your risk of tick bites and the diseases they carry. Whether you’re using chemical repellents or essential oils, wearing protective clothing, or tick-proofing your yard, it’s essential to stay informed and take proactive steps to protect yourself.

If you’ve been bitten by a tick or are concerned about the risks of Lyme disease, it’s always a good idea to consult a specialist. Dr. Susan Marra, a leading Lyme disease expert in the Seattle area, is dedicated to providing accurate diagnoses and effective treatments for tick-borne illnesses. If you’re in Washington state and need guidance or treatment, contact us to learn more about or call to book an appointment.

Stay safe, take precautions, and enjoy all that Washington’s beautiful outdoor areas have to offer!

Disclaimer The information, including but not limited to, text, graphics, images and other material contained in these videos is for informational purposes only. It is not intended to be a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. Always seek the advice of your physician before undertaking a new healthcare regimen, and never disregard professional medical advice or delay in seeking it because of something you have seen, read, or heard in these videos.

Bullseye rash images

Ticks in Washington State: What You Need to Know and How to Protect Yourself 9

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Why Authentic Clinical Excellence in Medical Matters for Lyme Disease and Mycotoxin Illness Treatment

Written on June 17, 2025. Posted in Articles, General Information, Patient Resources, Treatments, Uncategorized.

Why Authentic Clinical Excellence in Medical Matters for Lyme Disease and Mycotoxin Illness Treatment

When it comes to managing complex chronic conditions like Lyme disease or mycotoxin illness, it’s crucial to seek out clinicians who demonstrate authentic excellence in their field. Unfortunately, many individuals end up with inadequate care because anyone can claim to treat Lyme disease without necessarily having the knowledge or expertise to do so effectively.

As a doctor who has been in the field for over 32 years, I have seen the fallout of this all too often. Patients who are misdiagnosed can receive improper treatment simply because their doctor doesn’t have the experience to accurately interpret diagnostic tests. For example, one common mistake I see is clinicians who misinterpret a Lyme Disease Western blot. Some mistakenly believe that Band 41 is an indication of a positive Lyme test result, but this is NOT the case. Band 41 is nonspecific and does not confirm Lyme disease.

What to Look for When Choosing a Trusted Lyme or Mycotoxin Illness Specialist

If you’re seeking clinical excellent-quality treatment for Lyme disease or mycotoxin illness, I strongly recommend doing your due diligence before selecting a provider. Make sure to choose a clinician with a proven track record of success in treating these conditions. Ideally, the doctor you select should have at least 10-15 years of experience in the field of chronic infections, Lyme disease, and mycotoxin illness.

An experienced doctor will be able to:

Accurately interpret Lyme disease diagnostic tests, including Western blots.
Understand the complexity of chronic Lyme and mycotoxin-related illness.
Provide an evidence-based, personalized treatment approach.

Why Dr. Susan Marra is a Great Choice for Treating Lyme Disease and Mycotoxin Illness

If you’re looking for a clinically excellent, experienced, compassionate, and skilled clinician to guide you through the complexities of Lyme disease or mycotoxin illness, Dr. Susan Marra is the right choice. With over 32 years of experience in the healthcare industry, she specializes in the treatment of chronic, hard-to-diagnose conditions, including Lyme Disease, Morgellon disease, and mycotoxin illness.

Dr. Marra’s approach is rooted in a deep understanding of the immune system, chronic infections, and holistic care. She is committed to personalized, patient-centered treatment plans designed to address the underlying causes of your illness and not just the symptoms.

Dr. Marra’s expertise in interpreting Lyme disease tests and her holistic treatment protocols give her patients the best chance at healing and regaining their quality of life. Hear from our satisfied patients now!
If you’re ready to take the next step in addressing Lyme disease or mycotoxin illness, contact Dr. Marra today to learn more about how she can help. You can contact us online or call 206-299-2676.

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PTSD and Lyme Disease

Written on June 16, 2025. Posted in Articles, Conditions Caused by Tick-borne Illness, Lyme Disease, Treatments.

A teal ribbon with the words PTSD AWARENESS written diagonally across it, symbolizing support and awareness for Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder.

Most patients with chronic illness who have been repeatedly misdiagnosed, and virtually unheard, wind up with some form of PTSD and adrenal exhaustion. The fight to be heard, find a competent practitioner, receive proper and attentive care, is no small feat in this fast paced world, and is much more difficult for the severely ill. Sadly, this component of Lyme Disease is not very well recognized. This is really similar to the PTSD a soldier experiences once he/she is home from a war. The emotional, physical, psychological, and spiritual toll on the body is very significant. Although the war might be over, there are substantial lingering effects of the struggles that occurred during healing.

I encourage my patients to seek counseling from someone who understands the debilitating effects of chronic illness. Reiki, massage, acupuncture, energy healing, spa visits, and EMDR may be very helpful to patients who are unable to shake off the trauma that they endured during their struggle with Lyme Disease.

Many patients also choose to do a yoga retreat in Hawaii, Bali, etc…to regain their balance in life during and/or after treatment. Island trip (ie., Hawaii, Caribbean), also help patients regain a sense of nature and joy which was lost during their battle with chronic illness.

Please consult with Dr. Marra on ideas that may help minimize the effects of PTSD from chronic disease related to tick-borne illness. Having had the disease herself, she understands on a personal level the battles you face during treatment and after treatment.

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Antibiotic Controversy

Written on June 16, 2025. Posted in Articles, General Information, Treatments.

In the 18+ years that Dr. Marra has been practicing tick-borne disease illness, there has been great controversy over the use of antibiotics in the treatment of these stealth and persistent infections. She doesn’t think the answer to this controversy is any easier today than it was 20 or 40 years ago. However, over the years, she has seen a trend in the degree of illness that presents in the practice. Patients are MUCH sicker now than they were 20 years ago when she was practicing in Connecticut, and most patients have multiple infections.

In her own journey nearly 14+ years ago battling Lyme Disease and Bartonella, she chose to take an Integrated Medicine approach to healing because she felt that it was her best chance of eradicating the infections, while supporting her body along the way. Not all patients make this choice. Some prefer to use ONLY diet modifications, herbal remedies, Rife machines, and a variety of other healing modalities that are consistent with their belief systems. Dr. Marra chose a combination therapy approach which worked very well for her, but you may not want to, and that’s a personal choice.

In her experience with treating thousands of patients with tick-borne illness, she has not found patients to become affected by long-term antibiotic use, if they are used properly. Frequent rotation of antibiotics, pulsing techniques, timing and dosing changes, with multiple probiotic sources has proved time and again, to be the quickest way out of the Lyme Disease maze of symptoms. Her patient’s recoveries are also significantly influenced by diet choices, hydration, immune system status, genetic predispositions, hormone balancing, detoxification, and a myriad of other factors.

Without question there is a group of patients who simply cannot handle antibiotics for various reasons largely having to do with histamine status and detoxification pathways. In these cases, her patients use herbal formulas that absolutely work, just not as fast. Targeted nutritional medicine is also very helpful in supporting healing.

The point is simply this, as a long time steward of antibiotic use for patients with tick-borne illness, Dr. Marra has not seen any long term damage for their use, provided they are used correctly. She is not suggesting that patients go on life long antibiotics because that is not the answer either. Rather, there is a variety of treatments that can be very beneficial to patients, as long as precautions are taken.

In our practice, Dr. Marra has patients on herbs, antibiotics, nutritional’s, diets, detox protocols, and everything in between because she believes you need to do what works, and what works for one patient may not work for the next. An individual and tailored treatment that reflects a well thought out plan for return to function is, in her opinion, the only way to heal from multiple tick-borne disease. Dr. Marra speaks here from both a personal and professional position which hopefully sheds a ray of hope on your condition.

Where different stains like to like in the human body.

Borrelia burgdorferi Strains

Written on June 16, 2025. Posted in Articles, Environmental Illness, Lyme Disease.

Borrelia burgdorferi sensu stricto strains

Borrelia burgdorferi sensu stricto is the primary bacterial species responsible for Lyme disease in North America, though it is also present in Europe and elsewhere. Understanding its diverse strains is essential for improving diagnostics, treatment outcomes, and research into persistent infection.

This table lists key B. burgdorferi s.s. isolates collected from various sources—including ticks, animals, and humans—across multiple regions. Each entry includes the isolate identifier, country of origin, source organism, and the researcher or institution that provided the sample.

Isolate	Country	Source	Provided by
212 *	France	I. ricinus	F. Milward
297 *	USA Connecticut	Human CSF	R.C. Johnson
1352 *	USA Texas	A. americanum	R. T. Marconi
19535 *	USA New York	Peromyscus leucopus	J. F. Anderson
20006 *	France	I. ricinus	J. F. Anderson
26816 *	USA Rhode Island	Microtus pennsylvanicus	J. F. Anderson
27985 *	USA Shelt. Isl	I. scapularis	J. F. Anderson
21305 *	USA Connecticut	Peromyscus leucopus	J. F. Anderson
21343 *	USA Wisconsin	Peromyscus leucopus	J. F. Anderson
B31 *	USA New York	I. scapularis	ATCC 35210
CA2-87 *	USA California	I. pacificus	R. T. Marconi
CA 5 *	USA California	I. pacificus	R. Lane
CA 6 *	USA California	I. pacificus	R. Lane
CA920953 *	USA California	Human skin	L.M. Switalski
Cat Flea *	USA Texas	Ctenocephalides felis	D. Ralph
Charlie tick *	USA Wisconsin	I. scapularis	C. Kodner
DK7 *	Denmark	Human skin	M. Theisen
ESP-1 *	Spain	I. ricinus	R. C. Johnson
GeHo *	Germany	Human skin (ECM)	Vögel
HB19 *	USA Connecticut	Human blood	A. Barbour
HII *	Italy	Human blood (arthritis)	V. Sambri
HUM 115 *	USA California	I. pacificus	M. Janda
HUM 3336 *	USA California	I. pacificus	M. Janda
HUM 7814 *	USA California	I. pacificus	M. Janda
IP1 *	France (Poitiers)	Human CSF	G. Baranton
IP2 *	France (Tours)	Human CSF	G. Baranton
IP3 *	France (Pau)	Human CSF	G. Baranton
IRS *	Switzerland	I. ricinus	ATCC 35211
LAKE 339 *	USA California	I. pacificus	M. Janda
MEN 115 *	USA California	I. pacificus	M. Janda
MIL *	Slovakia	I. ricinus	A. Livesley
MUL *	USA New York	I. ricinus	M. Theisen
N40 *	USA New York	I. scapularis	S. Norris
NY1-86 *	USA New York	Human skin	R. T. Marconi
NY13-87 *	USA New York	Human skin	R. T. Marconi
PKa *	Germany	I. ricinus	V. Preac Mursic
Sh-2-82 *	USA New York	I. scapularis	S. Bergström
SON 188 *	USA California	I. pacificus	M. Janda
SON 328 *	USA California	I. pacificus	M. Janda
SON 335 *	USA California	I. pacificus	M. Janda
SON 2110 *	USA California	I. pacificus	M. Janda
SV1 *	France (Rambouillet)	I. ricinus	C. Perez
SV3 *	France (Fontainebleau )	I. ricinus	C. Perez
SV4 *	France (Pimpont)	I. ricinus	C. Perez
Veery *	USA Connecticut	Veery bird	R. T. Marconi
VS 2 *	USA Shelt. Isl	I. scapularis	O. Péter
Z 118 *	Germany	I. ricinus	A. Vogt
Z 136 *	Germany	I. ricinus	A. Vogt

courtesy of: NCBI

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PANDAS & Lyme Disease

Written on June 16, 2025. Posted in Articles, Coinfections.

PANDAS & Lyme Disease

(Pediatric Autoimmune Neuropsychiatric Disorder Associated with Streptococcal Infections)

PANDAS is a term used to describe pediatric patients who exhibit a myriad of movement and psychiatric symptoms related to the exposure to strep infection. Interestingly, these patients symptoms often become worse at times during the school year when strep infection in the classroom is rampant, often during the winter months.

Symptoms of PANDAS include:

Sydenham Chorea movements
Motor Tics
Anxiety
Sensory Motor Deficits
Behavior Regression
Deteriorating School Performance
Depression
Emotional Lability
Urinary Symptoms
Sleep Disturbances
ADHD
Impulsivity
Restlessness
Separation Fears
Night Terrors
Hypervigilance
Eating Disorders
OCD

Patients with PANDAS often exhibit anti-neuronal antibodies suggesting an autoimmune component to the condition.

Dr. Charles Ray Jones, a world leading Lyme Disease pediatrician and Dr. Marra’s mentor, was the first to recognize that these PANDAS patients’ symptoms became much worse if they were exposed to Lyme Disease and coinfections. In fact, Dr. Jones realized that when you treat the Lyme Disease infection, more often than not, the OCD behavior and motor tics would dissipate. In his practice, he routinely checked for strep antibodies and found them to be present in many of his patients.

If the strep infection is severe, patients may need IVIG (immunoglobulin therapy), however, this is very expensive and insurance companies are hesitant to cover it. Nonetheless, when these infections are adequately treated with antibiotics, and the immune system is restored through immunotherapies and probiotics, these children often resume healthy, active lives.

Dr. Marra has been treating PANDAS associated with tick-borne pathogens for more than 18 years with great success.

A cross-section of a blood vessel with red blood cells inside, surrounded by illustrated ozone (O3) molecules and icons of viruses and bacteria, representing a medical or scientific concept.

Ozone for Tick-Borne Disease, Mold Illness, and COVID

Written on June 16, 2025. Posted in Articles, Bartonella, Environmental Illness, Lyme Disease, Mold Exposure, Treatments.

Ozone (O3) is a powerful oxidant gas and is found in the earth’s atmosphere. It has antimicrobial properties and may be beneficial in the treatment of infections.

I personally went to Mexico 18 years ago to receive ozone treatment after finishing antibiotic therapy for Lyme Disease and Bartonella. While I had high hopes that the ozone would completely eradicate my infections, I was wrong. Subsequent testing after treatment yielded positive Lyme Disease and Bartonella tests.

I do, however, encourage patients to do an 8 or 10 pass ozone therapy AFTER finishing antimicrobials, antifungals, or antivirals, because I believe that ozone heals the endothelium of vessels that were damaged by infection and/or mycotoxins. Please, remember: OZONE SHOULD NOT BE A SUBSTITUTE for proper antimicrobial, antifungal, or antiviral treatment. It should be considered an add-on therapy and administered by a qualified health care provider. Please call my office at (206) 299-2676 for references for qualified physicians who perform this treatment.

Illustration of a large virus-like particle, a shield blocking it, and healthy cells. Chemical structure and text “KETOTIFEN” suggest the drug protects cells from viral or allergic attack.

Ketotifen Use in Tick-Borne Illness

Written on June 16, 2025. Posted in Environmental Illness, General Information, Treatments.

Ketotifen Use in Tick-Borne Illness

Ketotifen is a second-generation noncompetitive H1 antihistamine and mast cell stabilizer with probable anti-inflammatory properties. It may also have anti-cholinergic and anti-serotonergic properties that contribute to its overall beneficial effect in certain patients.

It is an oral compounded capsule taken with meals and may be useful in the treatment of the following conditions:

Asthma
Allergies
Autism
Crohn’s Disease
IBS (irritable bowel syndrome)
MCAS (mast cell activation syndrome)
SIBO (small intestinal bacterial overgrowth)
Urticaria

Patients with “GI Lyme Disease” generally find that ketotifen helps with symptoms of gas and bloating. For more information on whether or not this might be useful to you in your treatment, please discuss this with Dr. Marra in your office appointment.

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Understanding MCAS

Written on June 5, 2025. Posted in Articles, Coinfections, Conditions Caused by Tick-borne Illness, General Information.

Understanding MCAS (Mast Cell Activation Syndrome): A Comprehensive Guide

In this article, I’ll explain what MCAS (Mast Cell Activation Syndrome) is, how it presents itself, common triggers, how it’s diagnosed, and what steps you can take to manage it. Understanding this complex condition is the first step toward finding relief.

As someone who has worked with countless patients struggling with unexplained symptoms, I know how confusing and overwhelming it can be to find answers. One condition that often goes undiagnosed is MCAS (Mast Cell Activation Syndrome). If you’re experiencing symptoms that seem to affect multiple systems in your body—ranging from skin reactions to gastrointestinal distress—MCAS might be the piece of the puzzle you’ve been searching for.

To learn more about my approach to diagnosing and treating MCAS, or to schedule a consultation, visit my website. Together, we can take the next step toward addressing your health concerns.

Caption: Medical Minutes with Dr Marra; Episode 57: Amlexanox and MCAS

What is MCAS (Mast Cell Activation Syndrome)?

MCAS is a disorder where your mast cells, which are part of your immune system, release too many chemicals (like histamine, cytokines, and other inflammatory molecules) in response to things that normally wouldn’t cause a reaction. Mast cells are critical for fighting infections and healing injuries. However, when they become overactive—as they do in MCAS—they release these chemicals inappropriately, causing inflammation and a wide variety of symptoms throughout the body.

How Do Mast Cells Affect the Body?

Mast cells are often described as the “guardians” of our immune system. They help protect us from harmful pathogens and are involved in allergic responses. In people without MCAS, mast cells are activated only when necessary. However, in those with MCAS, these cells are triggered even when there’s no infection or allergic response, resulting in unnecessary inflammation and a cascade of symptoms.

Symptoms of MCAS (Mast Cell Activation Syndrome)

The symptoms of MCAS can vary greatly from person to person, which makes it difficult to diagnose. You may experience symptoms in one or more systems of your body. The most common signs I see in my practice include:

Skin Reactions: Itching, hives, and skin flushing are some of the most frequent symptoms. When mast cells release histamine, these types of skin reactions can occur.
Gastrointestinal Distress: Symptoms like nausea, diarrhea, bloating, or abdominal pain are common, as mast cells in the gut become activated, leading to digestive upset.
Respiratory Symptoms: Many patients experience asthma-like symptoms—such as wheezing, shortness of breath, or tightness in the chest—as mast cells in the respiratory tract react.
Cardiovascular Symptoms: Symptoms like dizziness, rapid heart rate, and low blood pressure can arise when mast cells trigger inflammatory chemicals in the cardiovascular system.
Neurological Symptoms: Brain fog, headaches, and mood changes such as anxiety or depression are also associated with MCAS, likely because of mast cell activity in the nervous system.

Common Triggers of MCAS (Mast Cell Activation Syndrome)

One of the most important aspects of managing MCAS is identifying and avoiding its triggers. I always encourage my patients to track their symptoms and note potential triggers. Some of the most common culprits include:

Environmental Triggers: Certain environmental factors, such as changes in temperature, exposure to mold, and even strong fragrances, can set off symptoms. I’ve seen many patients react to exposure to things like cleaning products or cigarette smoke.
Dietary Triggers: For many with MCAS, specific foods like fermented foods, alcohol, or high-histamine foods (such as aged cheese, processed meats, and vinegar) can aggravate symptoms. Keeping a food diary can help pinpoint these. Read more about how to maintain an anti-inflammatory diet.
Stress: Both emotional and physical stress can exacerbate symptoms. Stress management is crucial for those living with MCAS, and I always emphasize practices like deep breathing, yoga, or meditation to help reduce flare-ups.
Medications: Some medications can worsen MCAS symptoms, particularly preservatives or other compounds that may activate mast cells.

Diagnosing MCAS (Mast Cell Activation Syndrome)

MCAS can be challenging to diagnose because its symptoms overlap with so many other conditions. There’s no single test that can diagnose MCAS definitively, but the process typically includes:

Blood Tests: These can measure levels of mast cell mediators like tryptase, histamine, and other markers that indicate excessive mast cell activation.
Urine Tests: A 24-hour urine collection can measure histamine metabolites and other inflammatory substances.
Symptom Tracking: I always encourage patients to keep detailed records of their symptoms, triggers, and any changes in their health, as this is a key part of diagnosis.

How You Can Treat MCAS (Mast Cell Activation Syndrome)

There is currently no cure for MCAS, but with the right treatment plan, you can manage symptoms and improve your quality of life. Treatment typically involves a combination of medications, lifestyle changes, and trigger management. Here are some of the most effective strategies:

Antihistamines: Histamine is one of the primary chemicals released by mast cells. Antihistamines can help control symptoms like itching, hives, and swelling.
Mast Cell Stabilizers: These medications work to prevent mast cells from releasing their inflammatory chemicals in the first place, helping to reduce flare-ups.
Avoiding Triggers: By identifying what sets off your symptoms and taking steps to avoid those triggers—whether it’s a certain food, chemical, or environmental factor—you can significantly reduce the frequency and severity of symptoms.
Stress Management: Since stress is a significant trigger for many people with MCAS, I encourage all my patients to incorporate regular stress-relief practices into their routine, whether through mindfulness, yoga, or other relaxation techniques.
Supportive Therapies: In addition to traditional treatments, I’ve found that many patients benefit from integrative approaches like acupuncture, functional medicine, or dietary changes. These can support your immune system and help reduce inflammation.

Treating MCAS can be very tricky, requiring the use of several mast cell stabilizing medications and natural supplements. These can include any combination of the following and should be monitored by a physician:

Pharmaceutical Medications Natural Treatments

Zyrtec Hist DAO
Allegra Histaquel
Famotidine Histamine Balancer
Benedryl MC Balancer
Loratidine D-Hist
Ketotifen Bromelain
Zafirlukast Cannabinoids
Cromalyn Sodium Quercitin
Ranitidine Green Tea
Aspirin Saloxicin
Hydroxyurea Curcumin
NSAIDS Vitamin C
LDN (low dose naltrexone) Luteolin
Benzodiazepines Resveratrol
Zolair Honokiol
Hydroxyzine Rutin
Doxipen Genistein
Periactin Isatis
Tagamet Red Light therapy
DMSO cream for itching and hives Hyperbaric Oxygen
IVIG regulates the immune system

Living with MCAS (Mast Cell Activation Syndrome)

While living with MCAS may feel daunting, I want you to know that you are not alone, and relief is possible. Here are a few practical tips to help you manage your condition:

Follow a Low-Histamine Diet: One of the most effective ways to control MCAS symptoms is to avoid foods that are high in histamine, such as aged cheeses, fermented foods, and alcohol. Learn more about how to follow a low-histamine diet now.
Incorporate Stress Management Techniques: Given the role stress plays in MCAS, I highly recommend finding ways to reduce stress, whether through daily relaxation exercises or other mindfulness practices.
Build a Support Network: Living with a chronic condition like MCAS can be isolating. It’s important to build a strong support system of friends, family, or online communities who understand what you’re going through.
Educate Yourself and Others: The more you understand your condition, the more empowered you’ll feel in managing it. Educating those around you—your family, friends, and even healthcare providers—can help ensure you receive the support you need.

Partnering with Dr. Susan Marra for MCAS Treatment

If you suspect that MCAS may be the underlying cause of your symptoms, I understand how frustrating it can be to navigate the complexities of this condition. The good news is that with an early diagnosis and personalized treatment plan, significant relief is possible. I’ve seen firsthand how effective a tailored approach to managing MCAS can be, helping my patients reduce symptoms, identify triggers, and restore balance in their lives.

If you’re ready to take the next step toward managing your MCAS symptoms and improving your quality of life, I encourage you to contact us. Together, we can explore your unique health history, develop a comprehensive treatment plan, and work toward healing. Please don’t hesitate to contact us or call 206-299-2676. I’m here to support you on your journey to feeling better and living well.

Learn more about Dr. Marra now!

A plastic model of a human brain is shown on a gray surface next to a separate model of a neuron cell with branching dendrites.

Ammonia Toxicity in the Brain of Tick-Borne Disease Patients

Written on June 5, 2025. Posted in Articles, Coinfections, Conditions Caused by Tick-borne Illness, Lyme Disease, Mold Exposure.

Most patients with neurological Lyme Disease and coinfections (i.e., MS, ALS, Parkinson’s Disease, Autism), have elevated levels of ammonia toxicity in the brain which is neurotoxic. This is due to the fact that the spirochete, Borrelia burgdorferi, produces urease enzymes, and ammonia accumulation results. Sometimes ammonia levels will be elevated in the blood, and many times they are also normal. This is because the ammonia concentration is localized in specific tissues (brain), where the concentration is not high enough to be detected in the blood. But that doesn’t mean that ammonia is not causing destruction. It is VERY neurotoxic and needs to be removed with herbal supplements and diet adjustments.

A diet rich in arginine (an amino acid), is linked to increased ammonia levels, and therefore should be avoided. Arginine is found in nuts, seeds, chicken, salmon, shrimp, dairy, oats, soybeans, and coconut. Removing these foods from the diet will help minimize the ammonia load on the body. Cellular and tissue detox strategies are necessary to remove excess ammonia from the body.

Ammonia Toxicity in the Brain of Tick-Borne Disease Patients 16 — #image_title

If you would like to discuss ammonia toxicity further with Dr. Marra,

A tired woman sits with her head down, wearing a shirt with a low battery icon. A power cord extends from her back to a wall outlet, symbolizing exhaustion and the need to recharge.

The facts about Chronic Fatigue Syndrome

Written on June 5, 2025. Posted in Bartonella, Coinfections, Conditions Caused by Tick-borne Illness, Lyme Disease, Mold Exposure.

Chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS) is a late 20th century buzz word used to convey a constellation of symptoms that patients’ experience, but it is a NOT formal diagnosis. Extreme exhaustion, poor stamina coupled with difficulty concentrating and poor memory render patients nearly completely disabled. Additionally, CFS may be accompanied by flu-like symptoms, joint and muscle aches, unrefreshing sleep, tender lymph nodes, sore throat and headache. This constellation of symptoms is similar to that which would be seen in many viral or bacterial infections such as walking pneumonia, strep throat, Borreliosis/ Lyme disease or even AIDS. Another distinct set of symptoms associated with CFS includes: post-exertional malaise, a worsening of symptoms following physical or mental exertion that occurs within 24-48 hours of the exertion, and requiring an extended recovery period. Neuroimmune and endocrine abnormalities are also frequently observed in CFS, and patients may require hormonal support including: thyroid, pregnenolone, DHEA, estrogen and/or progesterone and testosterone. Patients are generally unable to appropriately respond to stress and may require low doses of cortisol or the natural equivalent as well. Sleep disorders are also common in this patient population and may require natural sleep aids like melatonin or prescription sleep medication

The argument can be made that CFS is simply a set of symptoms particular to a patient that arises as the result of exposure to a specific pathogen(s). Proper identification of the infection causing the symptoms is the way in which patients can hope to find relief from this debilitating condition. We believe that proper diagnosis requires extensive blood and possibly stool testing. Additionally, when the infection is identified, extensive immune system support is necessary to help patient’s fight the infection(s), and also promotes inherent self-healing tendencies. Healing the immune system is JUST as important as identifying the pathogen then for recovery to occur. Also, various detoxification regimens may be required to cleanse the extracellular matrix of toxins and cellular debris. A holistic approach to pathogen identification as well as treatment seems to be the most efficacious way to return patients to a functional life and optimal health.

Additionally, elevated proinflammatory cytokines cause disruption in the production of several neurotransmitter systems that are required for basic brain function. Certain neurotransmitters that are characteristically low in Borreliosis/Lyme disease patients contribute significantly to excessive fatigue and mood disorders. Talk to your doctor about urine/saliva neurotrasmitter testing and genetic testing through 23andme.com and geneticgenie.org.

One explanation for chronic fatigue involves mitochondrial metabolic dysfunction. Mitochondria are organelles within the cell that are responsible for generating ATP. ATP is the “power” molecule providing energy to cells, tissues and organs. Mitochondrial damage may result from cellular hy

Illustration of a woman looking unwell, holding her head and leaning on a chair, surrounded by icons showing symptoms of Postural Orthostatic Tachycardia Syndrome: dizziness, rapid heart rate, fatigue, sweating, and fainting.

Postural Orthostatic Tachycardia Syndrome (POTS)

Written on May 10, 2025. Posted in Articles, Bartonella, Coinfections, Conditions Caused by Tick-borne Illness, Environmental Illness.

POTS (postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome) is a serious complication of chronic tick-borne diseases, and often renders patients bedridden for many months. POTS is generally found in more women than men suggesting a hormonal component to the etiology as well. Typical symptoms of POTS include:

Fatigue
Headache
Tremors
Syncope (fainting)
Dizziness
Poor ability to concentrate
Exercise Intolerance
Lightheaded
Heat intolerant
Shortness of breath
Cold Extremities
Low blood volume
Drop in blood pressure on standing
Elevated plasma norepinephrine
Mast Cell Activation Syndrome

These symptoms indicate dysregulation of the autonomic nervous system between the brain and the heart. Somehow and not yet fully understood, the heart and brain get out of synchronization causing the above symptoms. Chronic infection, toxin accumulation, inflamogens, etc…are likely the cause of this constellation of symptoms, and correcting the underlying adrenal issues is important. You can certainly heal from POTS symptoms, however, it may take some time to heal the autonomic nervous system. Please consult with Dr. Marra if you are concerned about this.

Low Dose Naltrexone (LDN)

Written on April 2, 2025. Posted in Lyme Disease, Treatments.

Episode 44: LDN (Low Dose Naltrexone) and Lyme

Low Dose Naltrexone (LDN) in Tick-borne Illness

Naltrexone is an old drug originally used to help patients wean off of alcohol and heroin and other opiate medications. However, low dose Naltrexone (LDN – 3-4.5mg) has been found to be very helpful to some patients with chronic pain and low immune function, in particular chronic Lyme Disease patients.

LDN works by boosting endorphin levels in the body (the feel good molecules associated with runners high), and thereby alleviating pain. Additionally, endorphins are excellent molecules for immune modulation. LDN binds to the opiate receptors primarily in the brain, blocking endogenous endorphin attachment. The body responds by producing more endorphins, which not only helps to alleviate chronic pain, but also boosts natural killer cells and some T and B cells of the immune system.

LDN may be useful for patients suffering from:

ALS
Alzheimer Disease
Autism
Chronic Fatigue Syndrome
Fibromyalgia
Lupus
Lyme Disease
Multiple Sclerosis
Parkinson Disease
Rheumatoid Arthritis
Ulcerative Colitis

Vivid dreams have been reported by some patients taking LDN, but generally speaking, there are very few side effects from this low dose.

For more information on LDN use in chronic tick-borne illness, please contact Dr. Marra and she will be happy to discuss its use in your particular health issues.

Close-up of skin showing a small, slightly raised reddish-purple spot with surrounding faint red dots and some visible hair. The area appears mildly irritated or inflamed.

Morgellons Disease: What You Need to Know About Symptoms, Causes, and Treatment

Written on January 13, 2025. Posted in Coinfections.

Morgellons disease is a complex and often misunderstood condition that I’ve been treating for over 20 years. It’s marked by painful skin lesions that may contain colored fibers, and despite the severity of the symptoms, it’s frequently misdiagnosed. As a Seattle-based Lyme disease doctor, I’ve seen how infections like Lyme disease, Babesia, and Bartonella often contribute to Morgellons symptoms. This article aims to provide clarity on Morgellons disease, its potential causes, and the treatment options that have proven effective for my patients. For more information about my practice and approach to healing, visit my website.

Caption: Medical Minutes with Dr Marra, Episode 21 Morgellons Disease

What Is Morgellons Disease?

Morgellons disease is a debilitating skin condition characterized by painful, deep skin lesions that often contain visible colored fibers. These fibers are typically made up of keratin and collagen, though we still don’t fully understand why they appear in the skin. In my practice, I’ve seen more than 14,000 families affected by this condition, and it’s clear that Morgellons are real — despite the fact that traditional medicine has been slow to recognize it.

Key Symptoms of Morgellons Disease

Painful Skin Lesions: Often ulcerated and difficult to heal.
Colored Fibers: Visible within the lesions, usually composed of keratin and collagen.
Itching and Crawling Sensations: Many patients experience a sensation of movement under the skin, which adds to the distress.

Misdiagnosis: Why Morgellons Disease Is Often Not Taken Seriously

One of the biggest challenges with Morgellons disease is that it’s frequently misdiagnosed. Traditional doctors may incorrectly label it as “delusional parasitosis,” a psychiatric disorder, which is simply not the case. I’ve seen firsthand how this misunderstanding can make patients feel dismissed or ignored, which only adds to their suffering. Morgellons disease is a physical condition with identifiable symptoms, not a mental health issue.

What Causes Morgellons Disease?

Through my extensive experience, I’ve found that many patients with Morgellons disease test positive for several infections, including:

These infections, coupled with certain genetic factors, appear to be key contributors to the development of the painful skin lesions seen in Morgellons disease. However, the exact cause of Morgellons remains a mystery, and more research is needed to fully understand the underlying mechanisms.

Current Research on Morgellons Disease

There is a Morgellons Research Foundation, led by Cindy Casey, RN, who has been a tireless advocate for patients with this condition. Cindy herself suffers from Morgellons, which has given her a unique perspective on the disease. The foundation works to raise awareness and secure funding for research, although this has proven to be a challenging task.

If you’re looking for more information, I highly recommend watching the YouTube documentary Skin Deep, which sheds light on the struggles Morgellons patients face in convincing traditional doctors that this disease is real. Some progress is being made in research, particularly by scientists at Oklahoma State University, but there’s still much more to learn.

Diagnosing Morgellons Disease: What You Should Know

At present, there is no definitive skin test to confirm Morgellons disease. However, we can visualize the colored fibers under a high-powered microscope. In some cases, the fibers seem to move when a patient holds a starchy substance, such as a potato, in their hand. This suggests that the fibers could be linked to organisms that feed on sugar, though this idea is still not scientifically proven.

Effective Treatment for Morgellons Disease

In my 20+ years of treating Morgellons disease, I’ve found that a comprehensive, multi-pronged approach works best. Although treatment can be lengthy, often taking months or even years, my patients have seen significant improvement with a combination of therapies.

1. Antibiotics and Antiparasitics

The right combination of antibiotics and antiparasitic medications is often crucial in treating Morgellons disease. Here are a few that have worked for many of my patients:

Doxycycline (combined with Methylene Blue)
Ivermectin and Albenza
Dapsone Skin Cream

2. Topical Treatments for Skin Lesions

Topical creams can be effective for reducing inflammation and helping to heal the skin lesions. Anti-inflammatory dietary changes are also important in managing the condition.

3. Detoxification

Detoxing the body can support overall healing. I recommend strategies like staying hydrated, sweating, and using gentle detox methods to help rid the body of toxins, including mycotoxins.

4. Nutritional Support

Nutritional support is essential in helping the body heal from Morgellons disease. Key supplements that I recommend include:

Probiotics
Vitamin D
Curcumin
MSM
Fish Oil

These nutrients help support the immune system, reduce inflammation, and promote skin healing.

Early Diagnosis and Treatment from Dr. Susan Marra

At this time, Dr. Marra is not accepting new patients with Morgellons disease. However, she is happy to refer you to trusted specialists experienced in treating this condition, like Ginger Savely, DNP.

If you are struggling with another chronic illness and are seeking integrative care, please don’t hesitate to contact us or call 206-299-2676. Together, we can create a personalized treatment plan to help you heal and regain your quality of life. Early diagnosis and personalized treatment are key to long-term healing and improved quality of life.

Morgellons Disease: What You Need to Know About Symptoms, Causes, and Treatment 18

Lyme Disease in Dogs

Written on December 20, 2024. Posted in General Information, Lyme Disease.

What You Need to Know for Prevention and Treatment

As an avid pet lover, hearing “Lyme disease in dogs” may raise your concerns. Don’t worry, Dr. Marra is here to educate you on prevention, teach you to recognize the symptoms, and understand the treatment options available.

“As most of you know, I am an avid dog lover and have had a dog in my office for most of my career, both for emotional support and mental health. Dogs can be excellent office companions on your health care journey. So you can imagine, I am very aware and concerned for dogs that get Lyme disease. I’m here to help.”

Medical Minutes with Dr Marra; Episode 51: Lyme Disease in Dogs

What is Lyme Disease in Dogs?

Lyme disease affects over 300,000 people annually in the United States and it CAN also affect dogs when they are bitten by an infected tick. The bacteria Borrelia burgdorferi, which causes Lyme disease, is transmitted through tick bites and can have significant effects on your dog’s health if not treated properly.

Symptoms of Lyme Disease in Dogs

Canine Lyme disease symptoms can vary, but they often include:

Generalized body pain
Limping
Swollen joints
Fever
Vomiting
Lethargy
Anorexia
Weight loss
Lameness

Unfortunately, it typically takes 2-5 months after the tick bite for dogs to show symptoms of Lyme disease, and by then, the bacterial infection has usually become systemic.

Diagnosing Lyme Disease in Dogs

Lyme disease can be diagnosed using blood tests for the bacteria antibodies (IgM and IgG) or a PCR test on blood or joint fluids. General blood work and a urinalysis can also help. The vet will look for signs of kidney damage, such as a loss of protein in the urine, which can indicate that the infection has affected the kidneys.

Treatment for Lyme Disease in Dogs

Treatment for Lyme disease in dogs is readily available and effective. Common medications include:

Doxycycline (the best choice)
Amoxicillin
Zithromax

Generally, your dog will need to stay on antibiotics for at least 4 weeks to completely eliminate the infection. This treatment is much more effective in dogs compared to humans, where treatment can be more challenging.

Lyme Disease Vaccine for Dogs

There is a vaccine available for dogs to help prevent Lyme disease. While it is safe and can reduce the risk of infection, it is NOT 100% effective. If you live in a Lyme-endemic area, discuss the pros and cons with your vet to determine whether this vaccine is appropriate for your dog. If you do not live in a Lyme-endemic area, your dog likely does not need this vaccine.

Tick Prevention for Dogs

Tick prevention is absolutely critical in Lyme-endemic areas. However, tick repellents for dogs can have side effects, so it’s important to discuss options with your vet. Some commonly used tick prevention products include:

Frontline
Advantix
Bravecto (topical)
Nexgard (chewable)
Simparica

Speak to your vet about which product would be best suited for your dog breed.

Be a Responsible Fur Parent: How to Protect Your Dog from Lyme Disease

Part of being an excellent fur parent is ensuring that your dog is protected from health dangers like Lyme disease, especially in endemic areas. It’s important to be aware of where ticks are common in your state/area, so you can take proactive steps to prevent Lyme disease.

Dogs are our dearest friends and allies, but they cannot protect themselves from Lyme disease. When they play outside, they are just being goofy dogs—but this is when they can be vulnerable to Lyme disease. To protect your canine companion, be sure to:

Discuss the prevalence of Lyme disease in your area with your vet
Use tick prevention medication
Stay vigilant in tick-prone areas

Your dog will love you for taking such great care of them!

FYI, NONE of my dogs have ever had Lyme disease because when I am in an endemic area, I generally use Frontline. I have never even found a tick on them. Thank goodness! I hope you take these precautions seriously to protect your beloved dog(s) from Lyme disease. Here’s to keeping both you and your furry friend healthy and happy!

About Dr. Susan Marra & Juju

Dr. Susan Marra is a world-leading Lyme Literate Naturopathic doctor specializing in the treatment of Lyme disease, vector-borne diseases, Neurodegenerative Diseases (Alzheimer’s, Parkinson’s disease), Post Covid, Long Covid, red light therapy, and environmental illness (mold).

Having trained with Dr. Richard Horowitz and Dr. Charles Ray Jones, Lyme disease experts on the East Coast, Dr. Marra is well qualified to manage and heal tick-borne disease. Take the first step toward a better quality of life with expert care tailored to your needs.

Juju (Juliette Pearl) is Dr. Marra’s cream french bulldog and the inspiration for understanding Lyme disease in dogs. Juju has wonderful healing energy and properties just because she is lovable and friendly and wants belly rubs all the time. If you join us in the office, you can find her treats at the front counter but please ONLY give her one. We have to watch her weight because she is a true “bon bon” girl.

To learn more about Dr. Marra’s approach or to schedule a consultation, contact or call us to book an appointment.

Black and white close-up image showing sharp, angular crystal structures clustered together, resembling geometric shapes under a microscope.

Oxalates and Kidney Stones

Written on December 20, 2024. Posted in Coinfections, Lyme Disease, Nutrition, Treatments.

Oxalates are molecules found in certain foods such as spinach and cashews that are formed as the combination end product of several amino acids such as serine, glycine, and ascorbic acid, that can combine with calcium (a naturally occur ion in the blood also from food) in the blood to form calcium oxalate crystals. Foods that contain more than 100g of oxalates per serving include (but this IS NOT an exhaustive list):

Beets
Rhubarb
Brussel Sprouts
Carrots
Spinach
Tofu
Rice Bran
Almonds
Snap Beans
Cashews
Soybeans
Quinoa
Blackberries
Blueberries
Figs
Plum
Raspberry
Tangerine
Sweet Potatoes
Eggplant
Kale

These oxalate crystals are needle shaped crystals called raphides. They are readily absorbed after ingestion, cannot be metabolized by mammals, and are largely eliminated through renal excretion. Calcium oxalate crystals get filtered by the glomeruli in the kidney unless they are large, and then they become “stuck” in the nephrons and form kidney stones, especially if you have the genetic propensity. Oxalates are toxic to the renal epithelial cells and can cause membrane injury. The common upper limit of normal for oxalate excretion is 45mg/day (0.5mmol/day). Chronic vitamin C oral use can also cause hyperoxaluria and kidney stones.

Kidney stones are EXTREMELY painful, and the symptoms associated with them are as following:

SEVERE and sudden onset pain on the abdomen sides or low back

Nausea
Vomiting
Fever
Chills
Blood in the urine
Cloudy urine

Small kidney stones can be passed in the urine, but larger ones greater than 9mm must be treated with lithotripsy (a procedure where a skilled physician blasts the stones into pieces for excretion, or surgery). The pain associated with kidney stones is very significant and usually requires pain management by the ER.

To check for oxalate crystals in the urine, you can have your doctor order a 24 hour urine oxalate test through Labcorp or Quest, and this will reveal urinary levels and the presence of toxicity.

Treatment for calcium oxalate crystals is largely dietary. You’ll need to go on a low oxalate diet, and read the book “Toxic Superfoods” by Sally Norton, MPH. She has some excellent information on how to change your diet if you are prone to kidney stones.

I was plagued by kidney stones 10 years ago from over eating spinach and cashews and the urologist NEVER told me to change my diet. After researching the subject, I found that you can lead a very normal life IF you curb your diet from high oxalate foods, and drink at least 64oz of water with electrolytes every day.

Professional Health Products has two supplements, Oxalate Scavenger, and Oxalate Balancer that contain nutrients such as: Calcium citrate, Magnesium oratate, vitamin B6 (P5P) or Calcium, Magnesium, and Zinc citrate with P5P which will bind the oxalate crystals.

Kidney stones are no fun and you can avoid them simply by being mindful with your diet. Find a list with high oxalate containing foods, and remove the top 10-15 of them completely from your diet and that should do the trick. Make sure you drink plenty of fresh water to cleanse the kidneys daily and you should be just fine.

Of note, it is my observation that patients with Bartonella are much more likely to develop kidney stones although to date, this is an anecdotal observation. I happen to be one of these patients.

Understanding Hypermobile Ehlers-Danlos Syndrome (hEDS)

Written on December 10, 2024. Posted in Coinfections.

Understanding Hypermobile Ehlers-Danlos Syndrome (hEDS)

Hypermobile Ehlers-Danlos Syndrome (hEDS) is a genetic disorder that affects the body’s connective tissues, specifically collagen. Collagen is a crucial protein that provides structure and elasticity to skin, joints, blood vessels, and organs. In people with hEDS, a defect in collagen production results in weakened connective tissues, leading to a variety of symptoms, including hypermobile joints, fragile skin, joint pain, and easy bruising.

Dr. Marra is currently diagnosed with hEDS, which gives me a deep understanding and comprehension of its impacts on day-to-day life. It also enables the ability to diagnose it more accurately. Watch the Medical Minutes video below for a full breakdown of hEDS.

What is hEDS?

hEDS is one of 13 types of Ehlers-Danlos Syndrome (EDS), a group of genetic disorders that involve abnormalities in collagen. Collagen is a key structural protein, and when it’s defective, it can affect the stability of the body’s connective tissues. In hEDS, individuals often experience hypermobile joints, which are joints that stretch beyond the normal range of motion and skin hyperelasticity, which means the skin is unusually stretchable and fragile. These abnormalities can lead to frequent joint dislocations, pain, bruising, and delayed wound healing due to abnormal collagen production.

Symptoms of hEDS

The symptoms of hEDS can vary widely but typically include:

Joint Hypermobility: An increased range of motion in the joints, which may cause pain, dislocations, and instability.
Chronic Pain: Due to overstretched ligaments and muscles, individuals often experience joint pain and frequent injuries.
Skin Fragility: The skin may be unusually elastic and prone to bruising and tearing.
Fatigue: Chronic fatigue is common, likely due to the strain on muscles and joints.
Abnormal Scarring: Due to defective collagen, scars from injuries or surgeries may heal poorly and be more prominent.
Frequent Bruising: Bruises may appear even with minimal trauma, as the skin’s fragility increases the likelihood of bruising.

Histamine Intolerance and hEDS

An interesting aspect of hEDS involves histamine intolerance, which can make symptoms worse. Histamine is a chemical involved in immune responses and inflammation. In people with hEDS who also have allergies or excessive histamine production, histamine can degrade collagen, worsening symptoms like joint pain and skin irritation. This can lead to flare-ups where pain, swelling, and fatigue are exacerbated. Managing histamine levels through diet, antihistamines, and avoiding allergens can help alleviate these flare-ups and improve overall symptom control.

Treatment and Management of Hypermobile EDS

Currently, there is no cure for hEDS, but the condition can be managed with supportive therapies. Treatment focuses on relieving pain, improving joint stability, and managing other symptoms.Early diagnosis and a tailored care plan are key to managing this condition effectively. Common treatment options include:

Physical Therapy (PT): Strengthening muscles around hypermobile joints helps stabilize them and reduce pain.
Strain-Counterstrain Therapy: This specialized technique helps alleviate muscle tension and reduce pain by positioning the body to relieve strain.
Pain Management: NSAIDs and other medications can be used to manage pain and inflammation.
Joint Protection: Splints, braces, and other devices can help protect hypermobile joints from injury.

Get Expert Care for hEDS: Schedule a Consultation with Dr. Susan Marra

If you or someone you know is struggling with hEDS or related connective tissue disorders, it’s important to seek specialized care. Dr. Susan Marra, an expert Naturopathic Doctor and Master of Science Psychology, offers comprehensive treatment options to help manage the symptoms of hEDS and improve your overall well-being. Dr. Marra combines the latest research with personalized care plans to address the unique needs of each patient. To learn more about Dr. Marra’s approach or to schedule a consultation, contact or call us to book an appointment. Take the first step toward a better quality of life with expert care tailored to your needs.

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About Dr. Susan Marra

Dr. Susan Marra is a world-leading Lyme Literate Naturopathic doctor specializing in the treatment of vector-borne diseases (Lyme, Bartonella, Babesia, Relapsing Fever, Ehrlichia, Anaplasma, Tularemia, Q Fever, Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever, Rickettsia Species), Neurodegenerative Diseases (Alzheimer’s, Parkinson’s disease), Post Covid, Long Covid, anti-aging, and environmental illness (mold).

Having trained with Dr. Richard Horowitz and Dr. Charles Ray Jones, Lyme disease experts on the East Coast, Dr. Marra is well qualified to manage and heal tick-borne disease.

Disclaimer The information, including but not limited to, text, graphics, images and other material contained in these videos is for informational purposes only. It is not intended to be a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. Always seek the advice of your physician before undertaking a new healthcare regimen, and never disregard professional medical advice or delay in seeking it because of something you have seen, read, or heard in these videos.

How Mycotoxins Affect Your Body

Written on November 5, 2024. Posted in Environmental Illness, Mold Exposure.

How Mycotoxins affect different areas of the human body

Photobiomodulation (PBM) Information Sheet

Written on October 17, 2024. Posted in Red Light Therapy.

Photobiomodulation (PBM) Information Sheet

September, 2024

Molecular Mechanisms of Alzheimer disease:

decreased cognitive functioning
decreased capacity to learn new information
decreased memory capacity
decreased ability for decision making
decreased language abilities
decreased motor activities
decreased mitochondrial functioning due to decreased enzyme cytochrome c oxidase (CCO) activity
abnormal deposition of Beta-Amyloid protein in the brain
imbalance of mitochondrial fusion and fission proteins
increased neuronal inflammation by microglial and astrocyte cell activity
induction of heat shock proteins
induction of cyclooxygenase pathway
NF Kappa beta stimulated neuritis
increased oxidative stress from increased reactivity oxygen species (ROS)
decreased ATP production by the mitochondria
increased expression of neurofibrillary tangles

Benefits of Photobiomodulation ( PBM) in Alzheimer disease:

transcranial application of:
red light (600-770nm)
near infrared light (760-1200nm)
removes deposition of Beta-Amyloid protein in the brain
induces changes in the genetic expression BACE1 and Cathepsin B enzymes
inactivates JNK3 gene that lead to decreased endocytosis resulting in less beta-amyloid protein deposition
1070nm NIR depletes beta-amyloid deposition
improves cognitive functions such as memory and learning
promotes vasodilation by increasing cerebral blood flow
this removes metabolic waste
helps remove beta-amyloid breakdown debris
disaffiliates the nitric oxide (NO) inhibitor and thereby increasing the availability of cytochrome C oxidase (CCO) enzyme in maintaining mitochondrial membrane function and potential
increases oxygen consumption
increases glucose metabolism
increases ATP biosynthesis by the mitochondria
regulates mitochondrial homeostasis
allows for recovery of damaged human neuronal progenitor cells by maintaining mitochondrial homeostasis
enhances cytochrome C oxidase activity (CCO)
increases the efficiency of ATP production by the mitochondria
improves the flow of electrons through the electron transport chain
increases mitochondrial membrane potential
specifically stimulates the activity of complex VI in the mitochondria
promotes new mitochondria generation
lowers inflammatory response
decreases neuronal degradation
shifts the microglial phenotype from M1 (proinflammatory) to M2 (antiinflammatory)
decreases Beta-Amyloid production
decreases the expression of inflammatory markers in Alzheimer disease
modulates proinflammatory cytokines such as tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF alpha)
near infrared (NIR) light decreases microglial toxicity
near infrared (NIR) light promotes neuron survival
decreases oxidative stress from reactive oxygen species (ROS), toxins, heavy metal, etc…
increases antioxidant enzyme capacity
increase the positive aspects of reactive oxygen species (ROS) by provoking cytoprotective, antioxidant, and anti-necrotic effects of neurons
increases cerebral blood flow through nitric oxide (NO) mediated vasodilation
decreases depression by altering glutamatergic dysfunction by regulating GLT-1 mRNA protein
enhances tissue repair
utilizes neuroprotective properties
stimulates neurogenesis (formation of new neurons)
promotes synaptogenesis (formation of new synapses)
promotes neural repair and functional recovery
influences neuronal activity by altering ion channel functioning and neurotransmitter release
has a positive effect on the rest-activity rhythm of Alzheimer disease

Benefits of Photobiomodulation (PBM) in Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI):

improves cognitive function
decreases post concussive symptoms
accelerate recovery in patients with mild-moderate traumatic brain injury (TBI)
neuroprotective effects
anti-inflammatory effects

Benefits of Photobiomodulation (PBM) in Stroke:

enhances neurogenesis (growth of new neurons)
decreases brain damage
improves functional recovery
improves motor function
enhances rehab outcomes

Benefits of Photobiomodulation (PBM) in Parkinson disease:

neuroprotective from continued loss of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra part of the brain
may lower the accumulation of alpha synuclein within neurons called Lwey Bodies
may heal vascular damage from proinflammatory cytokines
may heal blood brain barrier leakage from proinflammatory cytokines
may heal the gut microbiome
increases mitochondrial function by increasing ATP production
lowers microglial activation from inflammation
may restore gut motility and vagus nerve activity
may reduce alpha synuclein accumulation in the gut
reduces inflammation by lowering proinflammatory cytokine levels such as TNF alpha, interleukin 1 (IL-1), interleukin 6 (IL-6)
decreases neuronal damage
slows disease progression
improves cognitive function
improves motor and mobility performance (i.e., walking, gait, tremors, writing, fine motor control)
may improve sense of smell
may improve mood
may improve social interactions
influences the gut microbiome to reduce alpha synuclein accumulation in the gut
may improve glymphatics which helps remove toxins from the brain
may improve confidence
may improve balance
improves angiogenesis (new blood vessel formation)
improves collateral and capillary revascularization
improves blood flow
improves blood filling in the cerebral hemispheres
decreases gliosis (scarring in the brain)
induces neurogenesis (new neuron formation)
induces regenerative cerebral changes

Benefits of Photobiomodulation (PBM) for Pain:

analgesic effect on pain
decreases inflammation
increases tissue repair
decreases neuropathic pain by decreasing inflammation

Benefits of Photobiomodulation (PBM) for Depression:

influences brain activity of glutamatergic neurons
promotes neuroplasticity
has mood modulating effects
used in conjunction with pharmaceuticals and NOT in place of meds

Excerpted from:

“Unleashing light’s healing power: an overview of photobiomodulation for Alzheimer treatment”. Ramanishankar, A., Singh, A., Begum, R., Jayasankar, N., Prajapati, B., Nirenjen, S. Future Science OA, 10:1/ fsoa-2023-0155, 2024.

“Parkinson’s Disease and Photobiomodulation: Potential for Treatment.” Bicknell, B., Liebert, A., Herkes, G. Journal of Personalized Medicine, 2024, 14, 112, pages 1-32.

“Photobiomodulation for the Brain. Photobiomodulation Therapy in Neurology and Neuropsychiatry” Salehpour, F, Sadigh-Eteghad, S., Mamoudi, J., Kamari, F., Cassano, P., Hamblin, M. Springer, 2023.

“Photobiomodulation in the Brain. Low Level Laser Light Therapy in Neurology and Neuroscience.” Edited by: Hamblin, M., Huang, Y.Y. Elsevier Academic Press, 2019.

Dr. Bob Bransfield – Neuropsychiatric Manifestations of Tick Borne Infections

Written on October 7, 2024. Posted in Recommended Videos, Treatments.

CRYPTO-INFECTIONS CONFERENCE 2023

LYME DISEASE & OTHER HIDDEN INFECTIONS: MICROBIAL PERSISTENCE

Robert C. Bransfield, MD, DLFAPA

The Third international ‘CryptoConference’ was held in Dublin Ireland June 17th to 18th 2023. ‘Crypto’ refers to occult infections which are hard to diagnose and hard to treat. The theme of the third conference is ‘microbial persistence’, which is the way that these occult infections evade the immune system and evade routine diagnostic techniques. We invited a range of clinicians and basic scientists from the USA, Canada, and throughout the European Union, to spend two days in Dublin. The topics to be addressed include Borrelia, Bartonella, Babesia, and a range of other microbial pathogens. Lectures provided will appeal to primary care doctors (general practitioners) on the subject of Lyme and Long COVID, as well as more basic science lectures that will appeal to bench researchers as well as clinicians.

A close-up of a small, dark beetle with antennae walking on a long, narrow green leaf, against a blurred green background.

Adult Lyme Disease

Written on August 26, 2024. Posted in Lyme Disease.

Living with Adult Lyme Disease: What You Need to Know About Symptoms and Treatment

Adult Lyme disease is a complex and often misunderstood illness that has surged in recent years due to factors like climate change, urban development, and a growing deer population. These conditions have led to increased tick exposure year-round. Accurate testing tools are crucial for detecting Borrelia bacteria in blood and urine, which causes the fluctuating symptoms of Lyme disease.

What is Adult Lyme Disease?

Adult Lyme disease refers to the manifestation of Lyme disease in individuals over the age of 18. While Lyme disease is commonly associated with children and adolescents, adults can be just as susceptible. In adults, Lyme disease can be more difficult to detect because its symptoms can mimic those of other chronic conditions, making diagnosis tricky.

The bacteria responsible for adult Lyme disease, Borrelia burgdorferi, are typically transmitted by the black-legged tick, also known as the deer tick. It is important to remember that not everyone who contracts Lyme disease develops the hallmark “bull’s-eye” rash, especially in adults. Without the rash, the infection can go unnoticed until it becomes more severe.

Common Symptoms of Adult Lyme Disease

The symptoms of adult Lyme disease can vary greatly depending on how long the infection has been present and whether it has spread throughout the body. Lyme disease is typically classified into early-stage (localized) and late-stage (disseminated) disease, and the symptoms can differ significantly between the two stages.

Early-Stage Symptoms of Adult Lyme Disease

In the early stages of adult Lyme disease, symptoms often resemble the flu or other viral infections, making it difficult to identify without a proper examination. Some common early-stage symptoms include:

Fever and chills
Fatigue and malaise
Headaches
Muscle and joint aches
Swollen lymph nodes
Erythema migrans (EM) rash – a circular, red rash that appears around the bite site in some cases, though not always

If you notice any of these early symptoms, especially after being outdoors in tick-prone areas, it’s crucial to see a healthcare provider for further testing.

Late-Stage Symptoms of Adult Lyme Disease

If left untreated, adult Lyme disease can progress to more severe symptoms, which may affect multiple organs in the body. Late-stage symptoms can include:

Chronic joint pain or Lyme arthritis, often affecting the knees
Neurological symptoms, including cognitive impairment, memory loss, and difficulty concentrating (often referred to as “brain fog”)
Heart palpitations or irregular heartbeat (known as Lyme carditis)
Chronic fatigue and weakness

These symptoms can be debilitating, making early diagnosis and treatment critical for adults diagnosed with Lyme disease.

Diagnosing Adult Lyme Disease

Diagnosing adult Lyme disease can be challenging because its symptoms overlap with many other conditions. Lyme disease and mold toxicity, also known as the “Great Imitators,” can mimic many other diseases, especially in adults, where a proper diagnosis can be difficult. They are diseases that affect multi-organ systems, causing local and systemic inflammation while rendering tissues, cells, and organelles unable to cope with the daily demands of everyday life.

Having trained as an ILADS preceptor under the tutelage of Dr. Richard Horowitz in Hyde Park, NY, a leading Lyme disease expert, it is Dr. Marra’s belief that an integrated approach to Lyme disease and co-infection treatment is the most effective way to eradicate tick-borne illness. Depending on the patient and severity of the disease, she uses rotating combinations, peptides, botanical medicines, and nutrition to maximize the healing from this all too often debilitating disease.

Without question, the sooner you receive proper diagnosis and treatment, the more likely you will fully recover.

Some patients struggle with detoxifying endotoxins released into the bloodstream from dying spirochetes. These individuals often require a careful combination of antibiotics and herbal treatments to facilitate healing.

With over 22 years of experience in naturopathic medicine treating adults with chronic Lyme disease and co-infections, Dr. Marra emphasizes that successful healing relies heavily on a strong doctor-patient relationship built on honest communication. This trust allows for informed treatment decisions. Dr. Marra collaborates closely with other Lyme-literate doctors, sharing insights and innovative therapeutic approaches to enhance patient care.

Adult Lyme Disease Treatment with Dr. Marra

At Dr. Susan Marra’s office, we specialize in diagnosing and treating adult Lyme disease with a comprehensive, patient-centered approach. Schedule an appointment or learn more about Lyme disease treatment, call us at 206-299-2676. Dr. Marra is here to help you regain your health and well-being.

Diagram showing lipopolysaccharide (LPS) from a bacterial cell membrane triggering host immune response, leading to release of proinflammatory cytokines, nitric oxide, eicosanoids, and superoxide, causing oxidative stress.

Lipopolysaccharides and Endotoxins

Written on August 26, 2024. Posted in Coinfections, Environmental Illness, General Information.

Lipopolysaccharides are large molecules composed of sugars and fats which are endotoxins found within a bacterial cell. LPS is secreted as part of the normal physiological activity of membrane vesicle trafficking and protects the membrane from certain chemical attacks. LPS activates the hosts’ immune response by stimulating white blood cells (i.e., neutrophils, macrophages, dendritic cells) to secrete certain enzymes that deactivate them. Additionally, these WBC’s secrete proinflammatory cytokines, nitric oxide, and eicosanoids, and the resulting cellular response is the release of superoxide, a free radical that causes oxidative stress. This may function as an adaptive host strategy to manage the toxic effects of LPS.

LPS and inflammation may be the most important factors contributing to the varied clinical manifestations of infections, especially for tick-borne pathogens. Excessive release of LPS can lead to endotoxemia (septicemia) and requires immediate medical attention.

It is thought that lipooligosaccharides may cause autoimmune disease (i.e., multiple sclerosis) by a mechanism known as molecular mimicry. Many bacteria employ molecular mimicry strategies to fool the hosts’ immune systems.

Scientists believe that lingering LPS long after a bacterial infection has been eradicated may cause continued host immunosuppression and persistent symptoms. It has been proposed that if LPS is not removed, illness is likely to continue.

Cellular detox using German biological medicines and herbs can help reduce the effects of endotoxemia. Toxin binders such as apple pectin, chlorella, zeolite, charcoal, and Cholestyramine may also be useful.

Perhaps one of the oldest and most effective ways to cleanse the body is to fast or eat a solely plant-based diet. This may not be appropriate for all patients so it is best to discuss this with your physician.

For more information about Lipopolysaccharides (LPS) and Endotoxins ask Dr. Marra during your next visit!

Bartonella or “cat scratch fever”

Written on August 26, 2024. Posted in Coinfections.

cat for bartonella or cat scratch fever blog

What is Bartonella or “Cat Scratch Fever”?

Bartonella, commonly known as cat scratch fever, is an infectious disease caused by a group of bacteria belonging to the Bartonella genus. Among the more than 20 known species of Bartonella, Bartonella henselae and Bartonella quintana are the most commonly linked to human infections. Cat scratch fever often results from the scratch or bite of an infected cat, which is why it is named after cats.

For a reliable Bartonella diagnosis, blood tests for antibodies can detect species like B. henselae and B. quintana, but newer testing methods like fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH) now allow more accurate detection of various Bartonella species. Dr. Marra has been treating patients with since 1999 and has encountered numerous cases of patients with a positive Bartonella henselae serology test.

If you or someone you know is experiencing symptoms that may be linked to Bartonella, it’s important to understand the full scope of this infection. Continue reading to learn more about how Bartonella affects the body and the steps you can take toward diagnosis, naturopathic medicine, and treatment.

Bartonella Prevalence: Where is Cat Scratch Fever Most Common?

Bartonellosis was first isolated in the early 1920s, and the prevalence of the infection varies geographically. The prevalence of Bartonella infection varies based on geographic location. Historically, Bartonella infections have been more common in warmer climates, particularly in areas with higher numbers of feral cats. However, changing global climate patterns may be influencing the distribution of the disease.

Infections are also known to affect certain groups, such as individuals with compromised immune systems, pets in households with infected cats, and people who work closely with animals.

How Bartonella Affects the Immune System: What You Need to Know

Bartonella infection can cause a range of symptoms. Common signs of the disease include:

Regional lymphadenopathy (swollen lymph nodes)
Low-grade fever
Malaise and muscle aches
Joint pain
Chronic fatigue

In immunocompromised individuals, more severe symptoms like enlarged spleen (splenomegaly), endocarditis (heart valve infection), and even encephalitis (brain inflammation) can occur. Bartonella can also trigger bacillary angiomatosis or peliosis, which involves red streaks on the skin, resembling cat scratches.

Interestingly, Bartonella has a unique affinity for the vascular endothelium, meaning it clusters around blood vessels, utilizing nutrients in the bloodstream for survival. You can learn more about how Bartonella infection relates to metabolic syndrome here.

Bartonella Infections and Family Clustering: Why Some Are More At Risk

Clustering of Bartonella cases within families, particularly those who have adopted feral cats, is a phenomenon frequently observed. The risk of infection is often higher in households with multiple pets or a history of cat scratches or bites.

Because Bartonella can present with a variety of symptoms affecting different organ systems, it is essential to monitor for ocular, neurologic, dermatologic, hematologic, cardiac, renal, and pulmonary issues in individuals who might be at risk. Symptoms can vary not only by the patient but also within families.

Effective Treatment for Bartonella: Combating Cat Scratch Fever

Treatment for Bartonella typically requires a comprehensive approach that combines the following:

Antibiotics: The primary treatment for Bartonella infection.
Herbs and Supplements: Natural remedies to support immune function.
Immune Support: Boosting the body’s immune response through diet, exercise, and specific supplements.
Alkalized Diet: Maintaining a diet that helps balance the body’s pH levels for optimal health.

Effective management can vary from person to person, so consulting with a healthcare provider is crucial!

Take Action Now: Protect Yourself and Your Loved Ones from Bartonella

If you or a family member has been exposed to cats or have symptoms of cat scratch fever, it is important to seek timely medical advice. Bartonella infections can often be treated effectively when detected early. Dr. Marra also recommends that patients with Raynaud’s Syndrome or Scleroderma be tested for Bartonella henselae through the Igenex laboratory. The test must be conducted accurately to ensure it properly documents the presence of any infection.

To get personalized guidance and treatment for Bartonella or any other health concerns, contact Dr. Susan Marra or call today! Dr. Marra’s expertise can help you manage Bartonella infections and support your overall health. Don’t wait—take action for your health today!

Read more of Dr. Marra’s blogs and find more patient resources now!

A close-up of a finger with a red, swollen sore and scab on the knuckle, showing signs of infection or a skin condition called Scleroderma. The surrounding skin appears irritated.

Bartonella and Scleroderma

Written on August 24, 2024. Posted in Bartonella, Coinfections, Conditions Caused by Tick-borne Illness.

Scleroderma and Bartonella… Is there a connection?

Dr. Marra has been treating patients with tick borne illness since 1999 in both Westport Connecticut and Seattle Washington. She has had two patients with severe Raynaud’s Syndrome, a Scleroderma diagnosis, and a positive Bartonella henselae serology test, one from each coast.

Dr. Marra does not think that this is a coincidence as Bartonella is known to reside in the vascular system along the inside of the vessel endothelium. She strongly suspects that Raynaud’s Syndrome and Scleroderma could have an infectious etiology that has been overlooked by the medical community because Bartonella is just now considered an emerging zoonotic infection. There is sparse scientific literature on Bartonella infection implications, and she would like to see more research done in this area.

To date, there is no literature indicating an infectious etiology for either Raynaud’s Syndrome or for Scleroderma. There is also very few treatment options offered to patients with these diagnoses. Typically they are left to suffer with these diseases, and Scleroderma can be extremely painful.

Dr. Marra suggests to any patients that have Raynaud’s Syndrome or Scleroderma to be tested for Bartonella henselae through Igenex laboratory. It’s important that the test be done accurately so that tests document the presence of an infection. If an infection is present, prompt use of antimicrobial herbs or antibiotics is extremely important. It is also beneficial that herbs or antibiotics are taken just prior to a very hot shower so that the medicine can reach the peripheral tissue.

In both patients who were found to have a Bartonella infection, subsequent antibiotic therapy was initiated with substantial symptom relief. Better blood flow occurred and the pain and swelling in the fingers receded. Of course this is simply anecdotal evidence, but in the face of having no scientific articles to turn to, this may be a valuable clinical observation for patients with either Raynaud’s Syndrome or Scleroderma.